Photo: dronepicr · CC BY 2.0 · via Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale
Topic 03 of 18 · Country Index 2026
Germany: Work & Labour
Can people find work, and on what terms?
Germany is placed joint 4th of 182 countries on work & labour in the Country Index 2026, from 4 of its 4 key statistics. Readings behind it: Employment-to-Population Ratio 58.32 (2025); Labour Income Share 63.11 (2025).
Share
Work & Labour
joint4th
of 182 countries placed
Placed from 4 of 4 key statistics
01The evidence
The 4 key statistics that decide it
Only these place Germany on work & labour — one vote each. Every value is the publisher’s own, read at the edition the Country Index 2026 used; the grey ticks are every other country it was compared with, lowest on the left.
Key 1 of 4
Employment-to-Population Ratio
International Labour Organization (ILO)
2025 edition · data for 2025 · CC BY 4.0
58.32
Employed share of the population aged 15+ (%)
Higher is better
Germany: 58.32. Across the 182 countries in this edition, values run from 21.21 (São Tomé and Príncipe) to 86.9 (Qatar); the world median is 57.72.
- World median
- 57.72
- Best in Western Europe
- 64.64 Netherlands
- Land neighbours
- Austria 56.77 · Belgium 51.07 · Switzerland 63.49 · Czechia 58.64 · Denmark 61.34 · France 51.17 · Luxembourg 57.6 · Netherlands 64.64 · Poland 56.58
Key 3 of 4
Unemployment Rate
International Labour Organization (ILO)
2025 edition · data for 2025 · CC BY 4.0
3.711
Unemployment (% of labour force)
Lower is better
Germany: 3.711. Across the 182 countries in this edition, values run from 0.13 (Qatar) to 34.2 (Eswatini); the world median is 5.084.
- World median
- 5.084
- Best in Western Europe
- 3.711 Germany
- Land neighbours
- Austria 5.582 · Belgium 5.906 · Switzerland 4.873 · Czechia 2.825 · Denmark 5.529 · France 7.542 · Luxembourg 6.343 · Netherlands 3.874 · Poland 2.976
Key 4 of 4
Vulnerable Employment
International Labour Organization (ILO)
2025 edition · data for 2025 · CC BY 4.0
4.344
Vulnerable employment (% of total employment)
Lower is better
Germany: 4.344. Across the 182 countries in this edition, values run from 0.456 (Qatar) to 90.22 (Chad); the world median is 28.67.
- World median
- 28.67
- Best in Western Europe
- 4.344 Germany
- Land neighbours
- Austria 7.852 · Belgium 11.04 · Switzerland 9.597 · Czechia 13.5 · Denmark 5.395 · France 8.499 · Luxembourg 6.948 · Netherlands 13.42 · Poland 14.98
02Over time
Which way Germany is moving
Each key’s published value, edition by edition, beside the world median. The Country Index 2026 is the first edition of the standing, so the standing itself has no history to chart yet.
Employment-to-Population Ratio
Employed share of the population aged 15+ (%) · higher is better
GermanyWorld median
Germany rose from 53.4 in 2000 to 58.32 in 2025; the world median went from 55.86 to 57.72.
Every year’s figures
Year Germany World median 2025 58.32 57.720 2024 58.85 57.694 2023 59.18 58.158 2022 58.93 57.688 2021 58.22 56.066 2020 58.13 55.691 2019 59.37 57.871 2018 58.80 56.911 2017 58.37 56.738 2016 57.93 56.845 2015 57.44 56.788 2014 57.37 56.774 2013 57.07 56.229 2012 56.74 56.289 2011 56.28 56.297 2010 55.13 56.212 2009 54.55 56.255 2008 54.65 57.308 2007 53.91 56.933 2006 52.93 56.685 2005 51.80 56.129 2004 51.29 55.465 2003 52.19 55.630 2002 52.89 55.843 2001 53.40 56.018 2000 53.40 55.861 Labour Income Share
Labour income share of GDP (%) · higher is better
GermanyWorld median
Germany rose from 62.01 in 2004 to 63.11 in 2025; the world median went from 46.01 to 46.23.
Every year’s figures
Year Germany World median 2025 63.107 46.230 2024 62.042 46.060 2023 60.531 45.900 2022 60.139 45.615 2021 61.465 45.433 2020 63.021 47.267 2019 62.669 46.277 2018 62.191 46.187 2017 61.635 46.467 2016 61.399 46.798 2015 61.626 46.876 2014 61.394 47.281 2013 61.619 46.887 2012 61.467 46.231 2011 60.542 45.679 2010 60.682 46.024 2009 62.168 47.071 2008 59.044 45.312 2007 58.419 45.246 2006 59.780 45.670 2005 61.555 46.265 2004 62.006 46.012 Unemployment Rate
Unemployment (% of labour force) · lower is better
GermanyWorld median
Germany fell from 7.917 in 2000 to 3.711 in 2025; the world median went from 6.918 to 5.084.
Every year’s figures
Year Germany World median 2025 3.71 5.08 2024 3.40 5.15 2023 3.07 5.21 2022 3.14 5.34 2021 3.59 6.04 2020 3.88 6.38 2019 3.16 5.36 2018 3.38 5.35 2017 3.78 5.59 2016 4.10 5.90 2015 4.61 6.41 2014 4.98 6.58 2013 5.32 6.71 2012 5.37 6.79 2011 5.97 6.90 2010 7.04 7.04 2009 7.88 6.67 2008 7.51 5.79 2007 8.73 6.00 2006 10.28 6.50 2005 11.19 7.09 2004 10.73 6.80 2003 9.78 6.95 2002 8.48 6.91 2001 7.77 6.96 2000 7.92 6.92 Vulnerable Employment
Vulnerable employment (% of total employment) · lower is better
GermanyWorld median
Germany fell from 7.138 in 2000 to 4.344 in 2025; the world median went from 35.67 to 28.67.
Every year’s figures
Year Germany World median 2025 4.344 28.67 2024 4.370 29.04 2023 4.445 29.33 2022 4.575 29.67 2021 4.887 30.01 2020 5.046 30.54 2019 5.296 29.98 2018 5.548 30.15 2017 5.811 29.93 2016 6.010 29.91 2015 6.153 30.26 2014 6.319 30.47 2013 6.524 31.14 2012 6.846 31.00 2011 7.022 31.41 2010 6.755 32.37 2009 7.018 32.59 2008 7.002 31.76 2007 7.390 33.47 2006 7.816 34.27 2005 7.829 34.66 2004 7.722 35.51 2003 7.263 35.90 2002 7.149 35.96 2001 7.231 35.27 2000 7.138 35.67
03In context
Germany beside its neighbours
A position reads best beside the countries around it. Every position below is a place among all 182 countries on work & labour, never a place within the region.
Germany and the countries it borders
Standing among all 182; the key columns are the publishers’ own values.
| Country | Standing | Employment-to-Population RatioEmployed share of the population aged 15+ (%) | Labour Income ShareLabour income share of GDP (%) | Unemployment RateUnemployment (% of labour force) | Vulnerable EmploymentVulnerable employment (% of total employment) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germany | =4th | 58.32 | 63.11 | 3.711 | 4.344 |
 Switzerland | =4th | 63.49 | 71.17 | 4.873 | 9.597 |
 Netherlands | 7th | 64.64 | 60.5 | 3.874 | 13.42 |
 Denmark | 21st | 61.34 | 56.17 | 5.529 | 5.395 |
 Czechia | 24th | 58.64 | 53.99 | 2.825 | 13.5 |
 Austria | =31st | 56.77 | 62.06 | 5.582 | 7.852 |
 Polandcompare | 47th | 56.58 | 49.59 | 2.976 | 14.98 |
 Luxembourg | 49th | 57.6 | 53.08 | 6.343 | 6.948 |
 Belgium | =54th | 51.07 | 63.34 | 5.906 | 11.04 |
 Francecompare | 61st | 51.17 | 60 | 7.542 | 8.499 |
“—”: no published reading in that edition. What a standing is
Across Western Europe
Every country in the sub-region, by its place among all 182.
Placed either side on work & labour
The countries immediately above and below Germany in the topic’s list.
04Context, no vote
Where Germany is ahead of the world, and behind
31 more statistics filed under work & labour, published in full and deliberately given no vote in the standing. Select a row for the publisher, the rank and the links.
Ahead of the world median17
Statistics on which Germany does better than the middle country measured.
Firms Competing Against Informal FirmsWorld Bank Group · 2026 · world median 41.815.69341.81No earlier reading
Germany: 5.693 · world median 41.81 · Firms competing against unregistered or informal firms (%). World Bank Group, 2026 edition, data for 2026.
Published values in that edition run from 1.926 to 90.5; lower is better.
Position 179th of 181 · derived, 1st = worst.
Unemployment Benefit CoverageILO · 2024 · world median 01000No earlier reading
Germany: 100 · world median 0 · Unemployed people receiving unemployment benefits (%). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 100; higher is better.
Employment Injury Protection CoverageILO · 2024 · world median 45.910045.9No earlier reading
Germany: 100 · world median 45.9 · Labour force covered in the event of a work injury (%). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 100; higher is better.
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Value Added per WorkerWorld Bank Group · 2025 · world median 6,74259,6566,742▲ Improved since 2015
Germany: 59,656 · world median 6,742 · Agricultural value added per worker (constant 2015 US$). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 210.77 to 150,632; higher is better.
Position 9th of 151 · derived.
Labour Productivity per Hour WorkedILO · 2025 · world median 22.1680.5222.16No real change since 2015
Germany: 80.52 · world median 22.16 · Output per hour worked (constant 2021 international $ at PPP). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.92 to 164.65; higher is better.
Position 14th of 182 · derived.
Human Capital Wealth per CapitaWorld Bank Group · 2020 · world median 25,230360,92325,230No real change since 2010
Germany: 360,923 · world median 25,230 · Human capital per person — present value of future earnings (real chained 2019 US$). World Bank Group, 2020 edition, data for 2020.
Published values in that edition run from 700.38 to 735,422; higher is better.
Position 12th of 151 · derived.
Fatal Occupational InjuriesILO · 2023 · world median 2.0050.712.005▲ Improved since 2013
Germany: 0.71 · world median 2.005 · Fatal occupational injuries per 100,000 workers. International Labour Organization (ILO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.12 to 8.409; lower is better.
Labour Inspectors per 10,000 Employed PersonsILO · 2024 · world median 0.5751.420.575No earlier reading
Germany: 1.42 · world median 0.575 · Labour inspectors per 10,000 employed persons. International Labour Organization (ILO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0.07 to 3.89; higher is better.
GDP per Person EmployedWorld Bank Group · 2025 · world median 47,384125,08647,384No real change since 2015
Germany: 125,086 · world median 47,384 · GDP per person employed (constant 2021 international $). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 2,456 to 262,554; higher is better.
Position 20th of 168 · derived.
Youth Not in Education, Employment or TrainingILO · 2024 · world median 14.317.57614.31▼ Worsened since 2014
Germany: 7.576 · world median 14.31 · Youth not in education, employment or training (%). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 3.975 to 65.73; lower is better.
Position 86th of 97 · derived, 1st = worst.
Compliance with Labour RightsILO · 2024 · world median 1.610.381.61No real change since 2015
Germany: 0.38 · world median 1.61 · Compliance with freedom of association and collective bargaining rights (0 = best, 10 = worst). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 10; lower is better.
Composite Rate of Labour Underutilisation (LU4)ILO · 2024 · world median 12.567.07712.56▲ Improved since 2014
Germany: 7.077 · world median 12.56 · Composite rate of labour underutilisation, LU4 (% of the extended labour force). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 1.495 to 49.82; lower is better.
Position 65th of 76 · derived, 1st = worst.
Informal Employment RateILO · 2025 · world median 36.763.94936.76No earlier reading
Germany: 3.949 · world median 36.76 · Informal employment (% of total employment). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.857 to 94.44; lower is better.
Position 80th of 97 · derived, 1st = worst.
Youth Unemployment RateILO · 2025 · world median 12.836.86212.83No real change since 2015
Germany: 6.862 · world median 12.83 · Unemployment, ages 15-24 (% of youth labour force). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.457 to 76.77; lower is better.
Position 141st of 182 · derived, 1st = worst.
Low Pay RateILO · 2024 · world median 17.8915.1517.89▲ Improved since 2014
Germany: 15.15 · world median 17.89 · Employees paid less than two-thirds of the median hourly earnings (%). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 3.395 to 41.69; lower is better.
Position 49th of 71 · derived, 1st = worst.
Firms Offering Formal TrainingWorld Bank Group · 2026 · world median 32.0739.8232.07No earlier reading
Germany: 39.82 · world median 32.07 · Firms offering formal training to permanent full-time workers (%). World Bank Group, 2026 edition, data for 2026.
Published values in that edition run from 1.42 to 79.12; higher is better.
Female Labour Force Participation RateILO · 2025 · world median 53.3655.2953.36▲ Improved since 2015
Germany: 55.29 · world median 53.36 · Women aged 15+ in the labour force (%). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 4.663 to 82.91; higher is better.
Position 77th of 182 · derived.
Behind the world median5
Statistics on which Germany does worse than the middle country measured.
Trade Union DensityILO · 2020 · world median 16.6816.2516.68No earlier reading
Germany: 16.25 · world median 16.68 · Employees who are trade union members (%). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2020 edition, data for 2020.
Published values in that edition run from 0.2 to 91.42; higher is better.
Position 71st of 139 · derived.
Labour Force Participation RateILO · 2025 · world median 61.6660.5761.66▲ Improved since 2015
Germany: 60.57 · world median 61.66 · Population aged 15+ in the labour force (%). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 23.34 to 87.01; higher is better.
Position 98th of 182 · derived.
Firms with a Female Top ManagerWorld Bank Group · 2025 · world median 19.1613.2919.16No earlier reading
Germany: 13.29 · world median 19.16 · Firms with a female top manager (%). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 1.429 to 62.9; higher is better.
Position 127th of 179 · derived.
Female Share of Senior and Middle ManagementILO · 2024 · world median 35.8627.6935.86▼ Worsened since 2014
Germany: 27.69 · world median 35.86 · Women in senior and middle management (% of managers). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 7.226 to 56.69; higher is better.
Position 67th of 86 · derived.
Length of Paid Paternity LeaveWorld Bank Group · 2025 · world median 303▼ Worsened since 2015
Germany: 0 · world median 3 · Paid paternity leave set in law (calendar days). World Bank Group, 2026 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 196; higher is better.
Level with the median, or no median to compare1
Length of Paid Maternity LeaveWorld Bank Group · 2025 · world median 989898▼ Worsened since 2015
Germany: 98 · world median 98 · Paid maternity leave set in law (calendar days). World Bank Group, 2026 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 410; higher is better.
No better end8
These describe the shape of a country — more is not better or worse, only different — so they are never ahead or behind.
Statutory Minimum WageILO · 2024 · world median 657.952,928657.95No real change since 2015
Germany: 2,928 · world median 657.95 · Statutory minimum wage per month (2021 PPP $). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 4.038 to 3,804.
Employment in IndustryILO · 2025 · world median 18.8825.9718.88Moved since 2015
Germany: 25.97 · world median 18.88 · Employment in industry (% of total employment). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 3.103 to 39.44.
Position 36th of 182 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Employment in ServicesILO · 2025 · world median 59.5172.9559.51No real change since 2015
Germany: 72.95 · world median 59.51 · Employment in services (% of total employment). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 11.56 to 92.17.
Position 46th of 182 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Public Sector EmploymentWorld Bank Group · 2022 · world median 15.0122.4215.01No earlier reading
Germany: 22.42 · world median 15.01 · Public sector employment (% of total employment). World Bank Group, 2022 edition, data for 2022.
Published values in that edition run from 1.672 to 47.1.
Position 40th of 135 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Share of Temporary EmployeesILO · 2024 · world median 13.4511.5213.45Moved since 2014
Germany: 11.52 · world median 13.45 · Employees on temporary contracts (% of employees). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0.337 to 72.78.
Self-Employment RateILO · 2025 · world median 31.848.14931.84No real change since 2015
Germany: 8.149 · world median 31.84 · Self-employed (% of total employment). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.832 to 91.56.
Position 168th of 182 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Average Weekly Hours WorkedILO · 2025 · world median 38.8929.6638.89Moved since 2015
Germany: 29.66 · world median 38.89 · Average weekly hours actually worked per employed person. International Labour Organization (ILO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 23.64 to 54.7.
Position 172nd of 182 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Employment in AgricultureILO · 2025 · world median 14.381.07114.38No real change since 2015
Germany: 1.071 · world median 14.38 · Employment in agriculture (% of total employment). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.095 to 85.34.
Position 172nd of 182 · derived, counted from the highest value.
No current reading for Germany
Average Monthly Earnings of Employees (last 2022), Gini Index of Monthly Earnings (last 2022) and Working Poverty Rate. Listed rather than hidden, so the page can be checked against it.
“Position · derived” is this site’s ordering of the published values, 1st = best unless the row says otherwise; the publisher ranks no country on it. Rank, position and standing
05Country Index 2026
Work & Labour among Germany’s 15 topics
Work & Labour is Germany’s 3rd best-placed topic of 15. Strongest first, each marker at its share of that topic’s field.
- Economy & Innovation3rd of 1764/4 keys
- Development & Human Capital4th of 1963/3 keys
- Work & Labourjoint 4th of 1824/4 keys
- Mobility & Trade5th of 1774/4 keys
- Food & Agriculture7th of 1844/4 keys
- Health & Wellbeing11th of 2004/4 keys
- Governance & Institutionsjoint 13th of 1944/4 keys
- Digital & Technology14th of 1984/4 keys
- Education & Knowledgejoint 19th of 1983/4 keys
- Gender & Equalityjoint 18th of 1834/4 keys
- Risk & Resilience25th of 1934/4 keys
- Democracy & Civil Liberties33rd of 1984/4 keys
- Peace & Security53rd of 1774/4 keys
- Poverty & Inequality53rd of 1593/3 keys
- Environment & Sustainabilityjoint 133rd of 1864/4 keys
No standing on Energy: too few of those topics’ key statistics are published for this country.
06The top of the list
Who leads on work & labour
The three countries placed highest of 182, and the leaders Germany can most readily be measured against.
1
IcelandNorthern Europe
1st of 182 · 4 of 4 keys
Photo: Hansueli Krapf · CC BY-SA 3.0, greyscale
2
JapanEastern Asia
2nd of 182 · 4 of 4 keys
Photo: JurriaanH · CC BY-SA 3.0, greyscale
3
South KoreaEastern Asia
3rd of 182 · 4 of 4 keys
Photo: Unknown author · CC BY-SA 2.0, greyscale
Placed highest nearby
Highest in Europe
Iceland1st4/4 keysHighest in Western Europe
Germany=4th4/4 keys
Positions out of 182 placed on the topic. A country needs readings on enough keys to be placed, and the top of the list is often held on fewer of them.
07Analysis
Charts and analysis about Germany and work & labour
On work & labour
Countries in Asia with the highest average salaries 2024
Thirteen Asian countries by gross average monthly wage, each carrying its WORLD rank rather than an Asian one — so the numbers skip, from 11th place to 45th.
On work & labour
Countries With The Highest Average Salaries in 2024
The ten highest-paying countries of 2024, their bars coloured by continent, and six more added for comparison — from Australia in 13th place to India in 85th.
On work & labour
Countries With The Lowest Average Salaries in 2024
The bottom ten of 196 countries, and six more added for comparison. Niger, Madagascar and Liberia are all published at US$47 a month and still carry three different ranks.
08Questions
Germany on work & labour: questions answered
Every answer is built from the numbers on this page, so none can say something the page does not.
How does Germany rank on work & labour?
Germany is placed joint 4th of 182 countries on Work & Labour in the Country Index 2026, from 4 of its 4 key statistics (Employment-to-Population Ratio, Labour Income Share, Unemployment Rate and Vulnerable Employment). The position is this site’s ordering of published statistics, not a rank any publisher printed.
What is the latest Employment-to-Population Ratio figure for Germany?
58.32 in 2025 (employed share of the population aged 15+ (%)), according to International Labour Organization (ILO). The world median in the same edition was 57.72.
What is the latest Labour Income Share figure for Germany?
63.11 in 2025 (labour income share of GDP (%)), according to International Labour Organization (ILO). The world median in the same edition was 46.23.
How does Germany compare with France on work & labour?
France is placed 61st of 182, and Germany joint 4th. Employment-to-Population Ratio: France 51.17, Germany 58.32; Labour Income Share: France 60, Germany 63.11; Unemployment Rate: France 7.542, Germany 3.711; Vulnerable Employment: France 8.499, Germany 4.344.
How have Germany’s work & labour figures changed?
Employment-to-Population Ratio rose from 53.4 in 2000 to 58.32 in 2025; Labour Income Share rose from 62.01 in 2004 to 63.11 in 2025; Unemployment Rate fell from 7.917 in 2000 to 3.711 in 2025; Vulnerable Employment fell from 7.138 in 2000 to 4.344 in 2025.
Which work & labour statistics are missing for Germany?
No current reading is published for Germany on Average Monthly Earnings of Employees, Gini Index of Monthly Earnings and Working Poverty Rate. They are listed rather than hidden, so the evidence on the page can be checked against it.
09Method
Method, sources and how to cite
What this topic does not measure
Wages in money terms are not a key here, because pay figures are hard to compare fairly across countries with very different prices. Labour productivity, working hours, youth unemployment and the balance between farming, industry and services are published on this page as context. The size and growth of the wider economy belong to Economy & Innovation.
How the Work & Labour standing is decided
A standing is this site’s ordering, named with its edition — never a publisher’s rank. 4 key statistics vote, one vote each; every country’s published value becomes a place within that key’s own field, the places are averaged, and the average is never published. A country needs 2 of the 4 keys to be placed.
The work & labour method, step by stepHow every standing on this site is built
The key statistics and their licences
- Employment-to-Population Ratio — International Labour Organization (ILO), CC BY 4.0
- Labour Income Share — International Labour Organization (ILO), CC BY 4.0
- Unemployment Rate — International Labour Organization (ILO), CC BY 4.0
- Vulnerable Employment — International Labour Organization (ILO), CC BY 4.0
The other 31 statistics on this page come from 2 publishers, each named beside its numbers, with every edition and licence on the datasets pages.
The standing itself is part of the Country Index 2026, published under CC BY-SA 4.0.
Photographs
Germany’s banner and the countries placed highest, from their profiles: Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale, each used under the licence named.
- Germany (banner) — dronepicr, CC BY 2.0
- Iceland — Hansueli Krapf, CC BY-SA 3.0
- Japan — JurriaanH, CC BY-SA 3.0
- South Korea — Unknown author, CC BY-SA 2.0
Cite this page
Nations Inquiry (2026). Germany: Work & Labour — standing and statistics, Country Index 2026. https://nationsinquiry.com/countries/germany/work