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Dataset · UNDP Human Development Report Office

Human Development Index

34 years, 1990–2023 · 193 countries · 5 measures

The Human Development Index rates a country on more than its income — life expectancy, years of schooling and income per person, folded into a single score from 0 to 1. UNDP has published it since 1990, and it is still the most widely cited development measure in the world.

This site holds every year from 1990 to 2023, read from UNDP Human Development Report Office’s own data and stored exactly as published.

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Human Development Index · the file

Newest
Human Development Index, 2023
Held
34 years · 5,940 rows
Licence
CC BY 3.0 IGO

0134 years

Every year

Every year comes from UNDP Human Development Report Office’s 2025 release, recalculated on one method. Each opens the full table for that year; each downloads as a CSV.

1990bar height: countries covered, up to 1932023
Every year of Human Development Index held on this site, newest first, with its download files.
YearCountriesChangeReadDownload
Human Development Index, 2023Newest193+1September 6, 2026CSV
Human Development Index, 2022192+1 −1September 6, 2026CSV
Human Development Index, 2021192±0September 6, 2026CSV
Human Development Index, 2020192±0September 6, 2026CSV
Human Development Index, 2019192±0September 6, 2026CSV
Human Development Index, 2018192±0September 6, 2026CSV
Human Development Index, 2017192±0September 6, 2026CSV
Human Development Index, 2016192±0September 6, 2026CSV
Human Development Index, 2015192±0September 6, 2026CSV
Human Development Index, 2014192±0September 6, 2026CSV
Human Development Index, 2013192±0September 6, 2026CSV
Human Development Index, 2012192±0September 6, 2026CSV
Show all 34 years
YearCountriesChangeReadDownload
Human Development Index, 2011192+1September 6, 2026CSV
Human Development Index, 2010191+4September 6, 2026CSV
Human Development Index, 2009187−1September 6, 2026CSV
Human Development Index, 2008188+1September 6, 2026CSV
Human Development Index, 2007187+1September 6, 2026CSV
Human Development Index, 2006186±0September 6, 2026CSV
Human Development Index, 2005186+11September 6, 2026CSV
Human Development Index, 2004175+2September 6, 2026CSV
Human Development Index, 2003173+1September 6, 2026CSV
Human Development Index, 2002172+1September 6, 2026CSV
Human Development Index, 2001171±0September 6, 2026CSV
Human Development Index, 2000171+18September 6, 2026CSV
Human Development Index, 1999153+4September 6, 2026CSV
Human Development Index, 1998149±0September 6, 2026CSV
Human Development Index, 1997149±0September 6, 2026CSV
Human Development Index, 1996149±0September 6, 2026CSV
Human Development Index, 1995149+7September 6, 2026CSV
Human Development Index, 1994142±0September 6, 2026CSV
Human Development Index, 1993142+1September 6, 2026CSV
Human Development Index, 1992141±0September 6, 2026CSV
Human Development Index, 1991141±0September 6, 2026CSV
Human Development Index, 1990141—September 6, 2026CSV

Every year in one file, one row per country per year: human-development-index-all-editions-nations-inquiry.csv

028 columns

What’s in the file

Every column, what it holds, how it is stored and what its values look like — what a reader needs before opening the file.

HDI Scoreis built fromLife Expectancy at Birth (years)Expected Years of SchoolingMean Years of SchoolingGNI per Capita (2021 PPP $)

Every column in the newest file of Human Development Index: what it holds, how it is stored, and its range.
ColumnWhat it holdsStored asRange, 2023DistinctEmptySpread
Global Rankglobal_rankPublisher’s rankUNDP Human Development Report Office’s own rank, exactly as printed.Number · whole numbers1Iceland193South Sudanmiddle 971590
CountrycountryNameThe country’s name, as this file spells it.Text—1930
ISO Codecountry_codeIdentifierThe ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 code, added by this site. Every table here joins on it.Text · 3 letters—1930
HDI Scorehdi_scoreHeadlineThe headline figure: HDI score (0–1).Number · up to 3 decimals0.388South Sudan0.972Icelandmiddle 0.7621590
Life Expectancy at Birth (years)life_expectancyPart of the headlineYears a newborn could expect to live if the death rates at the time of its birth held throughout its life.Number · up to 3 decimals54.462Nigeria85.706San Marinomiddle 73.4901920
Expected Years of Schoolingexpected_years_schoolingPart of the headlineYears of schooling a child starting school can expect to receive if current enrolment rates hold.Number · up to 9 decimals5.635South Sudan20.846Greecemiddle 13.3361930
Mean Years of Schoolingmean_years_schoolingPart of the headlineAverage years of education completed by people aged 25 and older.Number · up to 9 decimals1.41229Niger14.29637Germanymiddle 9.933021910
GNI per Capita (2021 PPP $)gni_per_capitaPart of the headlineGross national income per person, in 2021 PPP dollars so that living standards can be compared across countries.Number · up to 7 decimals688South Sudan166,812Liechtensteinmiddle 15,8671930

Profiled from the newest file. Range: the lowest and highest value, with the country holding it when only one does. Spread: countries in ten equal steps from lowest to highest. A higher value is the better result.

03193 countries across every year

Who is covered

How many countries each year holds, continent by continent, who joined and who left, and which places this site covers that the dataset never has.

All regions
Countries in each year of Human Development Index, by continent.
201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023
Africa535353535353535353535354
Americas353535353535353535353535
Asia484848484848484848484848
Europe424242424242424242424242
Oceania141414141414141414141414
All192192192192192192192192192192192193

The newest 12 of 34 years.

Who joined and who left

  • 2023
    + Central African Republic
  • 2022
    + Somalia− Central African Republic
  • 2011
    + Marshall Islands
  • 2010
    + Bhutan+ Central African Republic+ South Sudan+ Seychelles
  • 2009
    − Central African Republic
  • 2008
    + Sudan
  • 2007
    + Antigua and Barbuda
  • 2005
    + Burkina Faso+ Eritrea+ Guinea-Bissau+ Kiribati+ Saint Kitts and Nevis+ Lebanon+ Moldova+ Nauru+ São Tomé and Príncipe+ Turkmenistan+ Vanuatu

04Provenance

Where it comes from

The path from the publisher to this page, and what was checked and changed on the way.

The site’s method
  1. 1 · Publisher

    UNDP Human Development Report Office

  2. 2 · Their file

    Human Development Index 2023

  3. 3 · Read by this site

    September 6, 2026

    Imported by a script that parses each figure and writes it down unrounded.
  4. 4 · Stored as

    34 files, one per year

    Each downloads as a CSV, or every year together as human-development-index-all-editions-nations-inquiry.csv
  5. 5 · Used on

    Its statistic page, and every profile it measures

    /statistics/human-development-indexA key for Development & Human Capital in the Country Index.

Precision

The headline is stored to 3 decimals, as published.

Rounded by this site

Never. Tables on screen may show fewer decimals; the files never do.

Changed by this site

Reshaped into one row per country: regional and income-group totals are left out, only the columns listed are kept, each row gets its ISO 3166 code, and some country names are brought to one spelling. No value is recalculated, rescaled or rounded.

Imported from the 2025 Human Development Report’s composite-indices time series, one file covering every year at once. These are that report’s restatement of history, not what earlier reports printed at the time.

05Reuse

Licence and credit

What the publisher’s licence lets you do, what it asks of you, and a credit line and citation ready to copy.

Every publisher’s terms

Licence · checked August 29, 2026

CC BY 3.0 IGO

  • Share and redistribute it
  • Adapt it and build on it
  • Use it commercially
  • Credit the publisher
  • Say what you changed

The version of CC BY written for intergovernmental organisations. Credit the publisher and say what you changed.

A credit line

Source: UNDP Human Development Report Office, Human Development Index, via Nations Inquiry.

Cite this dataset

UNDP Human Development Report Office. Human Development Index, 1990–2023 [data set]. As held by Nations Inquiry, https://nationsinquiry.com/datasets/human-development-index

The publisher’s own citation: UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). Human Development Report. New York: UNDP.

Plain-language summary, not legal advice. The licence text is what binds.

06Questions

Human Development Index: questions and answers

What is the Human Development Index?

The Human Development Index rates a country on more than its income — life expectancy, years of schooling and income per person, folded into a single score from 0 to 1. UNDP has published it since 1990, and it is still the most widely cited development measure in the world.

Which years of the Human Development Index can I download?

All 34, from 1990 to 2023, each as a CSV file, or every year together in one CSV.

Does UNDP Human Development Report Office rank countries on it?

Yes. The rank in these files is UNDP Human Development Report Office’s own, exactly as printed.

Can I use it commercially?

Yes, under CC BY 3.0 IGO, with credit to UNDP Human Development Report Office. The licence text is linked on this page.

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