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Photo: Slaza : Sándor Laza · CC BY-SA 3.0 · via Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale

Education & Knowledge

75th

of 198 countries placed

Placed from 3 of 4 key statistics

01The evidence

The 4 key statistics that decide it

Only these place Vietnam on education & knowledge — one vote each. Every value is the publisher’s own, read at the edition the Country Index 2026 used — or, for a survey-based key, each country’s latest reading; the grey ticks are every other country it was compared with, lowest on the left.

Why these keys
  1. Key 1 of 4

    Out-of-School Rate, Primary

    UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS)

    Why it is a key

    Latest reading per country, 2014–2024 · Vietnam’s is from 2024 · CC BY-SA 4.0

    1.732

    Out-of-school rate, primary age (%)

    Lower is better

    Vietnam: 1.732. Across the 192 countries at their latest reading, values run from 0.004 (United Arab Emirates) to 65.6 (Equatorial Guinea); the world median is 3.691.

    World median
    3.691
    Best in South-eastern Asia
    0.212 Singapore
    Land neighbours
    Cambodia 3.691 · Laos 10.34
  2. Key 2 of 4

    Participation in Organised Learning One Year Before Primary

    UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS)

    Why it is a key

    Latest reading per country, 2014–2024 · Vietnam’s is from 2022 · CC BY-SA 4.0

    94.43

    Children one year before primary entry age in organised learning (%)

    Higher is better

    Vietnam: 94.43. Across the 187 countries at their latest reading, values run from 3.411 (Yemen) to 100 (United Arab Emirates); the world median is 85.9.

    World median
    85.9
    Best in South-eastern Asia
    96.66 Thailand
    Land neighbours
    Cambodia 72.15 · Laos 67.06
  3. Key 3 of 4

    Upper Secondary Completion Rate

    UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS)

    Why it is a key

    2025 edition · data for 2025 · CC BY-SA 4.0

    51.98

    Upper secondary completion rate (%)

    Higher is better

    Vietnam: 51.98. Across the 164 countries in this edition, values run from 2.13 (South Sudan) to 99.27 (South Korea); the world median is 64.87.

    World median
    64.87
    Best in South-eastern Asia
    73.54 Philippines
    Land neighbours
    China 89.82 · Cambodia 25.65 · Laos 36.4
  4. Key 4 of 4

    Government Spending on Education

    UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS)

    Why it is a key

    2023 edition · data for 2023 · CC BY-SA 4.0

    No reading

    Government expenditure on education (% of GDP)

    Higher is better

    UIS publishes no 2023 figure for Vietnam, so the standing rests on the other keys.

    Across the 123 countries in this edition, values run from 0 (Somalia) to 16.39 (Kiribati); the world median is 3.709.

    World median
    3.709
    Best in South-eastern Asia
    5.241 Timor-Leste
    Land neighbours
    China 3.897 · Cambodia 2.181 · Laos 1.234

03In context

Vietnam beside its neighbours

A position reads best beside the countries around it. Every position below is a place among all 198 countries on education & knowledge, never a place within the region.

South-eastern Asia
1st198thNot placed · 26 countries with too few key statisticsNo data

The whole world on education & knowledge

Vietnam and the countries it borders

Standing among all 198; the key columns are the publishers’ own values.

CountryStandingOut-of-School Rate, PrimaryOut-of-school rate, primary age (%)Participation in Organised Learning One Year Before PrimaryChildren one year before primary entry age in organised learning (%)Upper Secondary Completion RateUpper secondary completion rate (%)Government Spending on EducationGovernment expenditure on education (% of GDP)
China51st——89.823.897
Vietnam75th1.73294.4351.98—
Cambodia160th3.69172.1525.652.181
Laos170th10.3467.0636.41.234

“—”: no published reading in that edition. What a standing is

Placed either side on education & knowledge

The countries immediately above and below Vietnam in the topic’s list.

04Context, no vote

Where Vietnam is ahead of the world, and behind

36 more statistics filed under education & knowledge, published in full and deliberately given no vote in the standing. Select a row for the publisher, the rank and the links.

Every country

Ahead of the world median18

Statistics on which Vietnam does better than the middle country measured.

  • Minimum Proficiency in Mathematics, End of PrimaryUIS · 2023 · world median 43.891No earlier reading

    Vietnam: 91 · world median 43.8 · Pupils at the end of primary reaching minimum proficiency in mathematics (%). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 1.8 to 93.42; higher is better.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Harmonized Test ScoresWorld Bank Group · 2020 · world median 414.32519.1No real change since 2010

    Vietnam: 519.1 · world median 414.32 · Harmonized test score (TIMSS-equivalent points; 300 = minimum, 625 = advanced attainment). World Bank Group, 2020 edition, data for 2020.

    Published values in that edition run from 304.92 to 575.27; higher is better.

    Position 16th of 172 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2020 dataset

  • Pre-Primary Net Enrolment RateUIS · 2024 · world median 65.9393.52▲ Improved since 2020

    Vietnam: 93.52 · world median 65.93 · Net enrolment rate, pre-primary (%). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 1.779 to 99.85; higher is better.

    Position 22nd of 120 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • Learning-Adjusted Years of SchoolWorld Bank Group · 2020 · world median 7.94110.68▲ Improved since 2010

    Vietnam: 10.68 · world median 7.941 · Learning-adjusted years of school (0–14). World Bank Group, 2020 edition, data for 2020.

    Published values in that edition run from 2.207 to 12.81; higher is better.

    Position 32nd of 172 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2020 dataset

  • Minimum Proficiency in Reading, End of Lower SecondaryUIS · 2022 · world median 58.5977.05No earlier reading

    Vietnam: 77.05 · world median 58.59 · Students at the end of lower secondary reaching minimum proficiency in reading (%). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2022 edition, data for 2022.

    Published values in that edition run from 5.043 to 88.83; higher is better.

    Chart and every countryThe 2022 dataset

  • Out-of-School Rate, Lower Secondary AgeUIS · 2024 · world median 6.3432.072▲ Improved since 2014

    Vietnam: 2.072 · world median 6.343 · Out-of-school rate, lower secondary age (%). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 0.011 to 79.71; lower is better.

    Position 88th of 116 · derived, 1st = worst.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • Minimum Proficiency in Mathematics, End of Lower SecondaryUIS · 2023 · world median 48.971.84No earlier reading

    Vietnam: 71.84 · world median 48.9 · Students at the end of lower secondary reaching minimum proficiency in mathematics (%). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 0.73 to 91.73; higher is better.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Expected Years of SchoolingUNDP Human Development Report Office · 2023 · world median 13.3415.46▲ Improved since 2013

    Vietnam: 15.46 · world median 13.34 · Expected years of schooling. UNDP Human Development Report Office, 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 5.635 to 21.69; higher is better.

    Position 60th of 195 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Minimum Proficiency in Reading, End of PrimaryUIS · 2023 · world median 60.0882No earlier reading

    Vietnam: 82 · world median 60.08 · Pupils at the end of primary reaching minimum proficiency in reading (%). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 2 to 98.78; higher is better.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Learning PovertyWorld Bank Group and UNESCO Institute for Statistics · 2023 · world median 34.0218.12No earlier reading

    Vietnam: 18.12 · world median 34.02 · 10-year-olds who cannot read and understand a simple text (%). World Bank Group and UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 2.331 to 98.5; lower is better.

    Position 80th of 125 · derived, 1st = worst.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Youth Literacy RateUIS · 2024 · world median 98.2299.05No earlier reading

    Vietnam: 99.05 · world median 98.22 · 15–24 year-olds who can read and write (%). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 36.7 to 100; higher is better.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • PISA Mathematics PerformanceOECD · 2022 · world median 442.09469.4No earlier reading

    Vietnam: 469.4 · world median 442.09 · Mean mathematics score. OECD, 2022 edition, data for 2022.

    Published values in that edition run from 336.4 to 574.66; higher is better.

    Position 31st of 79 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2022 dataset

  • Adult Literacy RateUIS · 2024 · world median 93.9996.13No earlier reading

    Vietnam: 96.13 · world median 93.99 · Adults 15+ who can read and write (%). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 26.83 to 100; higher is better.

    Position 70th of 172 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • Primary Completion RateUIS · 2025 · world median 97.4398.62▲ Improved since 2015

    Vietnam: 98.62 · world median 97.43 · Primary completion rate (%). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2025 edition, data for 2025.

    Published values in that edition run from 7.94 to 100; higher is better.

    Position 68th of 165 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2025 dataset

  • Wealth Parity Index, Lower Secondary CompletionUIS · 2024 · world median 0.5290.685No earlier reading

    Vietnam: 0.685 · world median 0.529 · Adjusted wealth parity index, lower secondary completion (poorest vs richest fifth; 1 = parity). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 0.032 to 1.022; higher is better.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • PISA Reading PerformanceOECD · 2022 · world median 440.35461.89No earlier reading

    Vietnam: 461.89 · world median 440.35 · Mean reading score. OECD, 2022 edition, data for 2022.

    Published values in that edition run from 328.84 to 542.55; higher is better.

    Position 34th of 79 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2022 dataset

  • PISA Science PerformanceOECD · 2022 · world median 446.93472.38No earlier reading

    Vietnam: 472.38 · world median 446.93 · Mean science score. OECD, 2022 edition, data for 2022.

    Published values in that edition run from 347.1 to 561.43; higher is better.

    Position 35th of 79 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2022 dataset

  • Researchers per Million InhabitantsUIS · 2024 · world median 701.95836.11No earlier reading

    Vietnam: 836.11 · world median 701.95 · Researchers per million inhabitants (full-time equivalent). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 1.446 to 18,130; higher is better.

    Position 67th of 145 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

Behind the world median14

Statistics on which Vietnam does worse than the middle country measured.

  • Gender Parity Index, Tertiary EnrolmentUIS · 2024 · world median 1.2441.159▼ Worsened since 2014

    Vietnam: 1.159 · world median 1.244 · Adjusted gender parity index, tertiary gross enrolment (1 = parity). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 0.74 to 1.83; higher is better.

    Position 28th of 95 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • Lower Secondary Completion RateUIS · 2025 · world median 89.2187.46▲ Improved since 2015

    Vietnam: 87.46 · world median 89.21 · Lower secondary completion rate (%). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2025 edition, data for 2025.

    Published values in that edition run from 13.73 to 100; higher is better.

    Position 87th of 164 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2025 dataset

  • Primary Schools with Internet for TeachingUIS · 2024 · world median 98.6695.47▲ Improved since 2020

    Vietnam: 95.47 · world median 98.66 · Primary schools with internet access for teaching (%). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 100; higher is better.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • Mean Years of SchoolingUNDP Human Development Report Office · 2023 · world median 9.9338.98▲ Improved since 2013

    Vietnam: 8.98 · world median 9.933 · Mean years of schooling (adults 25+). UNDP Human Development Report Office, 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 1.412 to 14.3; higher is better.

    Position 112th of 193 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Pupils per Qualified Teacher, PrimaryUIS · 2024 · world median 20.6726.14▲ Improved since 2021

    Vietnam: 26.14 · world median 20.67 · Primary pupils per qualified teacher (headcount basis). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 8.244 to 284.7; lower is better.

    Position 36th of 92 · derived, 1st = worst.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • Qualified Teachers in Primary EducationUIS · 2024 · world median 93.6689.25▼ Worsened since 2014

    Vietnam: 89.25 · world median 93.66 · Primary teachers with the minimum qualifications their country requires (%). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 100; higher is better.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • Tertiary Enrolment RatioUIS · 2024 · world median 52.7737.59▼ Worsened since 2014

    Vietnam: 37.59 · world median 52.77 · Gross enrolment ratio, tertiary (%). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 2.566 to 141.86; higher is better.

    Position 60th of 95 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • Research and Development SpendingUIS · 2023 · world median 0.8140.415▲ Improved since 2013

    Vietnam: 0.415 · world median 0.814 · Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 0.006 to 6.346; higher is better.

    Position 54th of 84 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Bachelor's or Higher AttainmentUIS · 2023 · world median 19.8611.32▼ Worsened since 2019

    Vietnam: 11.32 · world median 19.86 · Adults 25+ who completed a bachelor's degree or higher (%). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 1.135 to 52.72; higher is better.

    Position 63rd of 90 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Primary Schools with ElectricityUIS · 2024 · world median 10096.6▼ Worsened since 2019

    Vietnam: 96.6 · world median 100 · Primary schools with access to electricity (%). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 1.246 to 100; higher is better.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • Intergenerational Persistence in EducationWorld Bank Group · 2017 · world median 0.4460.515No earlier reading

    Vietnam: 0.515 · world median 0.446 · Correlation between own and parents' years of schooling, born 1980–89 (0–1). World Bank Group, 2017 edition, data for 2017.

    Published values in that edition run from 0.123 to 0.66; lower is better.

    Position 40th of 153 · derived, 1st = worst.

    Chart and every countryThe 2017 dataset

  • Academic Freedom IndexV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.6190.222▲ Improved since 2015

    Vietnam: 0.222 · world median 0.619 · Academic freedom index (0–1). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.

    Published values in that edition run from 0.019 to 0.978; higher is better.

    Position 138th of 176 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2025 dataset

  • Upper Secondary AttainmentUIS · 2023 · world median 65.7639.47▲ Improved since 2013

    Vietnam: 39.47 · world median 65.76 · Adults 25+ who completed upper secondary or higher (%). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 5.26 to 97.89; higher is better.

    Position 75th of 95 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Inbound Mobility Rate, TertiaryUIS · 2024 · world median 5.4940.3No real change since 2014

    Vietnam: 0.3 · world median 5.494 · Inbound mobility rate, tertiary (%). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 87.12; higher is better.

    Position 72nd of 75 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

No better end4

These describe the shape of a country — more is not better or worse, only different — so they are never ahead or behind.

  • Scholarly ArticlesOurResearch · 2025 · world median 2,24032,011Moved since 2022

    Vietnam: 32,011 · world median 2,240 · Articles with at least one author at an institution in the country (full counting). OpenAlex (OurResearch), 2025 edition, data for 2025.

    Published values in that edition run from 1 to 1,094,890.

    Chart and every countryThe 2025 dataset

  • Female Share of ResearchersUIS · 2024 · world median 38.1745.7No earlier reading

    Vietnam: 45.7 · world median 38.17 · Researchers who are women (% of headcount; 50 = parity). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 76.54.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • Trust in ScientistsWellcome Trust · 2020 · world median 34.3527.73Moved since 2018

    Vietnam: 27.73 · world median 34.35 · People aged 15+ who trust scientists in their country 'a lot' (%). Wellcome Trust, 2020 edition, data for 2020.

    Published values in that edition run from 9.335 to 72.35.

    Chart and every countryThe 2020 dataset

  • Nobel Prize Laureates by Country of BirthNobel Prize Outreach · 2025 · world median 21No earlier reading

    Vietnam: 1 · world median 2 · Laureates born in the country, 1901 to date (people). Nobel Prize Outreach, 2025 edition, data for 2025.

    Published values in that edition run from 1 to 296.

    Chart and every countryThe 2025 dataset

No current reading for Vietnam

Female Share of STEM Graduates (last 2016), Government Funding per Primary Student (last 2013), Government Spending on Education (last 2022), Outbound Mobility Ratio, Tertiary (last 2022), Participation in Organised Learning One Year Before Primary (last 2022), School Life Expectancy (last 2022), Secondary School Enrolment (last 2022) and Share of Graduates from ICT Programmes (last 2016). Listed rather than hidden, so the page can be checked against it.

“Position · derived” is this site’s ordering of the published values, 1st = best unless the row says otherwise; the publisher ranks no country on it. Rank, position and standing

06The top of the list

Who leads on education & knowledge

The three countries placed highest of 198, and the leaders Vietnam can most readily be measured against.

All 198 countries
  1. 1

    United Arab Emirates

    Western Asia

    1st of 198 · 2 of 4 keys

    Photo: Unknown author · CC BY-SA 3.0, greyscale

  2. 2

    Greece

    Southern Europe

    2nd of 198 · 3 of 4 keys

    Photo: User:Ggia derivative work: Jjtkk · CC BY-SA 3.0, greyscale

  3. 3

    Poland

    Eastern Europe

    3rd of 198 · 3 of 4 keys

    Photo: Ralf Lotys (Sicherlich) · CC BY 3.0, greyscale

Placed highest nearby

  1. Highest placed on all 4 keys

    Moldova7th4/4 keys
  2. Highest in Asia

    United Arab Emirates1st2/4 keys
  3. Highest in South-eastern Asia

    Singapore71st3/4 keys
  4. This page

    Vietnam75th3/4 keys

Positions out of 198 placed on the topic. A country needs readings on enough keys to be placed, and the top of the list is often held on fewer of them.

07Questions

Vietnam on education & knowledge: questions answered

Every answer is built from the numbers on this page, so none can say something the page does not.

How does Vietnam rank on education & knowledge?

Vietnam is placed 75th of 198 countries on Education & Knowledge in the Country Index 2026, from 3 of its 4 key statistics (Out-of-School Rate, Primary, Participation in Organised Learning One Year Before Primary and Upper Secondary Completion Rate). The position is this site’s ordering of published statistics, not a rank any publisher printed.

What is the latest Out-of-School Rate, Primary figure for Vietnam?

1.732 in 2024 (out-of-school rate, primary age (%)), according to UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). The world median in the same edition was 3.691.

What is the latest Participation in Organised Learning One Year Before Primary figure for Vietnam?

94.43 in 2024 (children one year before primary entry age in organised learning (%)), according to UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). The world median in the same edition was 85.9.

How does Vietnam compare with China on education & knowledge?

China is placed 51st of 198, and Vietnam 75th. Upper Secondary Completion Rate: China 89.82, Vietnam 51.98.

How have Vietnam’s education & knowledge figures changed?

Out-of-School Rate, Primary rose from 0 in 2000 to 1.732 in 2024; Participation in Organised Learning One Year Before Primary rose from 75.48 in 2000 to 94.43 in 2022; Upper Secondary Completion Rate rose from 18.51 in 2000 to 51.98 in 2025; Government Spending on Education fell from 4.887 in 2008 to 2.887 in 2022.

Which education & knowledge statistics are missing for Vietnam?

No current reading is published for Vietnam on Female Share of STEM Graduates, Government Funding per Primary Student, Government Spending on Education, Outbound Mobility Ratio, Tertiary, Participation in Organised Learning One Year Before Primary, School Life Expectancy, Secondary School Enrolment and Share of Graduates from ICT Programmes. They are listed rather than hidden, so the evidence on the page can be checked against it.

08Method

Method, sources and how to cite

What this topic does not measure

How much children actually learn is only partly covered. International test scores exist for a limited group of countries, and they are published here as context rather than used as a key, because a key must describe most of the world. Universities, research, and youth and adult literacy also appear as context.

About education & knowledge, in full

How the Education & Knowledge standing is decided

A standing is this site’s ordering, named with its edition — never a publisher’s rank. 4 key statistics vote, one vote each; every country’s published value becomes a place within that key’s own field, the places are averaged, and the average is never published. A country needs 2 of the 4 keys to be placed.

The education & knowledge method, step by stepHow every standing on this site is built

The key statistics and their licences

The other 36 statistics on this page come from 9 publishers, each named beside its numbers, with every edition and licence on the datasets pages.

The standing itself is part of the Country Index 2026, published under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Photographs

Vietnam’s banner and the countries placed highest, from their profiles: Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale, each used under the licence named.

Cite this page

Nations Inquiry (2026). Vietnam: Education & Knowledge — standing and statistics, Country Index 2026. https://nationsinquiry.com/countries/vietnam/education

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