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Riscani, Chisinau, Moldova

Photo: User:Zserghei derivative work: Jjtkk · Public domain · via Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale

Education & Knowledge

7th

of 198 countries placed

Placed from 4 of 4 key statistics

01The evidence

The 4 key statistics that decide it

Only these place Moldova on education & knowledge — one vote each. Every value is the publisher’s own, read at the edition the Country Index 2026 used — or, for a survey-based key, each country’s latest reading; the grey ticks are every other country it was compared with, lowest on the left.

Why these keys
  1. Key 1 of 4

    Out-of-School Rate, Primary

    UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS)

    Why it is a key

    Latest reading per country, 2014–2024 · Moldova’s is from 2024 · CC BY-SA 4.0

    0.463

    Out-of-school rate, primary age (%)

    Lower is better

    Moldova: 0.463. Across the 192 countries at their latest reading, values run from 0.004 (United Arab Emirates) to 65.6 (Equatorial Guinea); the world median is 3.691.

    World median
    3.691
    Best in Eastern Europe
    0.092 Poland
    Land neighbours
    Romania 15.59 · Ukraine 12.93
  2. Key 2 of 4

    Participation in Organised Learning One Year Before Primary

    UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS)

    Why it is a key

    Latest reading per country, 2014–2024 · Moldova’s is from 2022 · CC BY-SA 4.0

    98.58

    Children one year before primary entry age in organised learning (%)

    Higher is better

    Moldova: 98.58. Across the 187 countries at their latest reading, values run from 3.411 (Yemen) to 100 (United Arab Emirates); the world median is 85.9.

    World median
    85.9
    Best in Eastern Europe
    99.86 Poland
    Land neighbours
    Romania 80.76 · Ukraine 76.65
  3. Key 3 of 4

    Upper Secondary Completion Rate

    UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS)

    Why it is a key

    2025 edition · data for 2025 · CC BY-SA 4.0

    92.82

    Upper secondary completion rate (%)

    Higher is better

    Moldova: 92.82. Across the 164 countries in this edition, values run from 2.13 (South Sudan) to 99.27 (South Korea); the world median is 64.87.

    World median
    64.87
    Best in Eastern Europe
    97.25 Ukraine
    Land neighbours
    Romania 81.93 · Ukraine 97.25
  4. Key 4 of 4

    Government Spending on Education

    UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS)

    Why it is a key

    2023 edition · data for 2023 · CC BY-SA 4.0

    6.557

    Government expenditure on education (% of GDP)

    Higher is better

    Moldova: 6.557. Across the 123 countries in this edition, values run from 0 (Somalia) to 16.39 (Kiribati); the world median is 3.709.

    World median
    3.709
    Best in Eastern Europe
    6.557 Moldova

03In context

Moldova beside its neighbours

A position reads best beside the countries around it. Every position below is a place among all 198 countries on education & knowledge, never a place within the region.

Eastern Europe
1st198thNot placed · 26 countries with too few key statisticsNo data

The whole world on education & knowledge

Moldova and the countries it borders

Standing among all 198; the key columns are the publishers’ own values.

CountryStandingOut-of-School Rate, PrimaryOut-of-school rate, primary age (%)Participation in Organised Learning One Year Before PrimaryChildren one year before primary entry age in organised learning (%)Upper Secondary Completion RateUpper secondary completion rate (%)Government Spending on EducationGovernment expenditure on education (% of GDP)
Moldova7th0.46398.5892.826.557
Ukraine105th12.9376.6597.25—
Romania129th15.5980.7681.93—

“—”: no published reading in that edition. What a standing is

Placed either side on education & knowledge

The countries immediately above and below Moldova in the topic’s list.

04Context, no vote

Where Moldova is ahead of the world, and behind

40 more statistics filed under education & knowledge, published in full and deliberately given no vote in the standing. Select a row for the publisher, the rank and the links.

Every country

Ahead of the world median24

Statistics on which Moldova does better than the middle country measured.

  • Pre-Primary Net Enrolment RateUIS · 2024 · world median 65.9399.85▲ Improved since 2014

    Moldova: 99.85 · world median 65.93 · Net enrolment rate, pre-primary (%). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 1.779 to 99.85; higher is better.

    Position 1st of 120 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • Out-of-School Rate, Lower Secondary AgeUIS · 2024 · world median 6.3430.52▼ Worsened since 2014

    Moldova: 0.52 · world median 6.343 · Out-of-school rate, lower secondary age (%). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 0.011 to 79.71; lower is better.

    Position 106th of 116 · derived, 1st = worst.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • Adult Literacy RateUIS · 2024 · world median 93.9999.36No earlier reading

    Moldova: 99.36 · world median 93.99 · Adults 15+ who can read and write (%). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 26.83 to 100; higher is better.

    Position 22nd of 172 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • Qualified Teachers in Primary EducationUIS · 2024 · world median 93.66100No real change since 2019

    Moldova: 100 · world median 93.66 · Primary teachers with the minimum qualifications their country requires (%). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 100; higher is better.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • Youth Literacy RateUIS · 2024 · world median 98.2299.81No earlier reading

    Moldova: 99.81 · world median 98.22 · 15–24 year-olds who can read and write (%). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 36.7 to 100; higher is better.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • Mean Years of SchoolingUNDP Human Development Report Office · 2023 · world median 9.93311.83▼ Worsened since 2013

    Moldova: 11.83 · world median 9.933 · Mean years of schooling (adults 25+). UNDP Human Development Report Office, 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 1.412 to 14.3; higher is better.

    Position 45th of 193 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • School Life ExpectancyUIS · 2024 · world median 14.5916.51▲ Improved since 2014

    Moldova: 16.51 · world median 14.59 · School life expectancy, primary to tertiary (years). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 7.478 to 21.01; higher is better.

    Position 19th of 77 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • Tertiary Enrolment RatioUIS · 2024 · world median 52.7774.71▲ Improved since 2014

    Moldova: 74.71 · world median 52.77 · Gross enrolment ratio, tertiary (%). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 2.566 to 141.86; higher is better.

    Position 24th of 95 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • Wealth Parity Index, Lower Secondary CompletionUIS · 2024 · world median 0.5290.846No earlier reading

    Moldova: 0.846 · world median 0.529 · Adjusted wealth parity index, lower secondary completion (poorest vs richest fifth; 1 = parity). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 0.032 to 1.022; higher is better.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • Minimum Proficiency in Reading, End of PrimaryUIS · 2023 · world median 60.0891.26No earlier reading

    Moldova: 91.26 · world median 60.08 · Pupils at the end of primary reaching minimum proficiency in reading (%). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 2 to 98.78; higher is better.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Government Funding per Primary StudentUIS · 2022 · world median 17.8120.94▼ Worsened since 2012

    Moldova: 20.94 · world median 17.81 · Government funding per primary student (% of GDP per capita). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2022 edition, data for 2022.

    Published values in that edition run from 3.771 to 34.57; higher is better.

    Position 19th of 68 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2022 dataset

  • Minimum Proficiency in Mathematics, End of PrimaryUIS · 2023 · world median 43.865.76No earlier reading

    Moldova: 65.76 · world median 43.8 · Pupils at the end of primary reaching minimum proficiency in mathematics (%). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 1.8 to 93.42; higher is better.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Learning PovertyWorld Bank Group and UNESCO Institute for Statistics · 2023 · world median 34.0211.01No earlier reading

    Moldova: 11.01 · world median 34.02 · 10-year-olds who cannot read and understand a simple text (%). World Bank Group and UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 2.331 to 98.5; lower is better.

    Position 89th of 125 · derived, 1st = worst.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Lower Secondary Completion RateUIS · 2025 · world median 89.2196.88▼ Worsened since 2015

    Moldova: 96.88 · world median 89.21 · Lower secondary completion rate (%). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2025 edition, data for 2025.

    Published values in that edition run from 13.73 to 100; higher is better.

    Position 50th of 164 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2025 dataset

  • Secondary School EnrolmentUIS · 2024 · world median 93.1999.34▼ Worsened since 2014

    Moldova: 99.34 · world median 93.19 · Gross secondary enrolment ratio (%). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 19.87 to 158.55; higher is better.

    Position 39th of 109 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • Harmonized Test ScoresWorld Bank Group · 2020 · world median 414.32438.62▲ Improved since 2010

    Moldova: 438.62 · world median 414.32 · Harmonized test score (TIMSS-equivalent points; 300 = minimum, 625 = advanced attainment). World Bank Group, 2020 edition, data for 2020.

    Published values in that edition run from 304.92 to 575.27; higher is better.

    Position 63rd of 172 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2020 dataset

  • Expected Years of SchoolingUNDP Human Development Report Office · 2023 · world median 13.3414.64▲ Improved since 2013

    Moldova: 14.64 · world median 13.34 · Expected years of schooling. UNDP Human Development Report Office, 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 5.635 to 21.69; higher is better.

    Position 73rd of 195 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Upper Secondary AttainmentUIS · 2023 · world median 65.7675.42▼ Worsened since 2013

    Moldova: 75.42 · world median 65.76 · Adults 25+ who completed upper secondary or higher (%). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 5.26 to 97.89; higher is better.

    Position 37th of 95 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Primary Completion RateUIS · 2025 · world median 97.4398.85▼ Worsened since 2015

    Moldova: 98.85 · world median 97.43 · Primary completion rate (%). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2025 edition, data for 2025.

    Published values in that edition run from 7.94 to 100; higher is better.

    Position 65th of 165 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2025 dataset

  • Pupils per Qualified Teacher, PrimaryUIS · 2024 · world median 20.6718.6▼ Worsened since 2014

    Moldova: 18.6 · world median 20.67 · Primary pupils per qualified teacher (headcount basis). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 8.244 to 284.7; lower is better.

    Position 54th of 92 · derived, 1st = worst.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • Inbound Mobility Rate, TertiaryUIS · 2024 · world median 5.4947.127▲ Improved since 2014

    Moldova: 7.127 · world median 5.494 · Inbound mobility rate, tertiary (%). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 87.12; higher is better.

    Position 33rd of 75 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • Academic Freedom IndexV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.6190.689No real change since 2015

    Moldova: 0.689 · world median 0.619 · Academic freedom index (0–1). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.

    Published values in that edition run from 0.019 to 0.978; higher is better.

    Position 76th of 176 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2025 dataset

  • Learning-Adjusted Years of SchoolWorld Bank Group · 2020 · world median 7.9418.289▲ Improved since 2010

    Moldova: 8.289 · world median 7.941 · Learning-adjusted years of school (0–14). World Bank Group, 2020 edition, data for 2020.

    Published values in that edition run from 2.207 to 12.81; higher is better.

    Position 79th of 172 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2020 dataset

  • Bachelor's or Higher AttainmentUIS · 2023 · world median 19.8620.96▼ Worsened since 2013

    Moldova: 20.96 · world median 19.86 · Adults 25+ who completed a bachelor's degree or higher (%). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 1.135 to 52.72; higher is better.

    Position 44th of 90 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

Behind the world median10

Statistics on which Moldova does worse than the middle country measured.

  • Gender Parity Index, Tertiary EnrolmentUIS · 2024 · world median 1.2441.242▼ Worsened since 2014

    Moldova: 1.242 · world median 1.244 · Adjusted gender parity index, tertiary gross enrolment (1 = parity). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 0.74 to 1.83; higher is better.

    Position 46th of 95 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • Primary Schools with Internet for TeachingUIS · 2024 · world median 98.6698.07▲ Improved since 2016

    Moldova: 98.07 · world median 98.66 · Primary schools with internet access for teaching (%). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 100; higher is better.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • Researchers per Million InhabitantsUIS · 2024 · world median 701.95649.94No earlier reading

    Moldova: 649.94 · world median 701.95 · Researchers per million inhabitants (full-time equivalent). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 1.446 to 18,130; higher is better.

    Position 75th of 145 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • Minimum Proficiency in Mathematics, End of Lower SecondaryUIS · 2023 · world median 48.944.24No earlier reading

    Moldova: 44.24 · world median 48.9 · Students at the end of lower secondary reaching minimum proficiency in mathematics (%). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 0.73 to 91.73; higher is better.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Intergenerational Persistence in EducationWorld Bank Group · 2017 · world median 0.4460.465No earlier reading

    Moldova: 0.465 · world median 0.446 · Correlation between own and parents' years of schooling, born 1980–89 (0–1). World Bank Group, 2017 edition, data for 2017.

    Published values in that edition run from 0.123 to 0.66; lower is better.

    Position 68th of 153 · derived, 1st = worst.

    Chart and every countryThe 2017 dataset

  • Minimum Proficiency in Reading, End of Lower SecondaryUIS · 2022 · world median 58.5951.24No earlier reading

    Moldova: 51.24 · world median 58.59 · Students at the end of lower secondary reaching minimum proficiency in reading (%). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2022 edition, data for 2022.

    Published values in that edition run from 5.043 to 88.83; higher is better.

    Chart and every countryThe 2022 dataset

  • PISA Mathematics PerformanceOECD · 2022 · world median 442.09414.2▲ Improved since 2015

    Moldova: 414.2 · world median 442.09 · Mean mathematics score. OECD, 2022 edition, data for 2022.

    Published values in that edition run from 336.4 to 574.66; higher is better.

    Position 49th of 79 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2022 dataset

  • PISA Reading PerformanceOECD · 2022 · world median 440.35410.94▲ Improved since 2015

    Moldova: 410.94 · world median 440.35 · Mean reading score. OECD, 2022 edition, data for 2022.

    Published values in that edition run from 328.84 to 542.55; higher is better.

    Position 50th of 79 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2022 dataset

  • PISA Science PerformanceOECD · 2022 · world median 446.93416.86▲ Improved since 2015

    Moldova: 416.86 · world median 446.93 · Mean science score. OECD, 2022 edition, data for 2022.

    Published values in that edition run from 347.1 to 561.43; higher is better.

    Position 50th of 79 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2022 dataset

  • Research and Development SpendingUIS · 2023 · world median 0.8140.221▼ Worsened since 2013

    Moldova: 0.221 · world median 0.814 · Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 0.006 to 6.346; higher is better.

    Position 65th of 84 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

No better end6

These describe the shape of a country — more is not better or worse, only different — so they are never ahead or behind.

  • Female Share of ResearchersUIS · 2024 · world median 38.1752.95No earlier reading

    Moldova: 52.95 · world median 38.17 · Researchers who are women (% of headcount; 50 = parity). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 76.54.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • Outbound Mobility Ratio, TertiaryUIS · 2023 · world median 5.27923.88No real change since 2013

    Moldova: 23.88 · world median 5.279 · Outbound mobility ratio, tertiary (% of tertiary enrolment at home). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 0.333 to 1,724.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Share of Graduates from ICT ProgrammesUIS · 2023 · world median 5.6017.318Moved since 2014

    Moldova: 7.318 · world median 5.601 · Tertiary graduates from ICT programmes (% of all graduates). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 17.19.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Scholarly ArticlesOurResearch · 2025 · world median 2,2401,815Moved since 2022

    Moldova: 1,815 · world median 2,240 · Articles with at least one author at an institution in the country (full counting). OpenAlex (OurResearch), 2025 edition, data for 2025.

    Published values in that edition run from 1 to 1,094,890.

    Chart and every countryThe 2025 dataset

  • Trust in ScientistsWellcome Trust · 2020 · world median 34.3521.72Moved since 2018

    Moldova: 21.72 · world median 34.35 · People aged 15+ who trust scientists in their country 'a lot' (%). Wellcome Trust, 2020 edition, data for 2020.

    Published values in that edition run from 9.335 to 72.35.

    Chart and every countryThe 2020 dataset

  • Female Share of STEM GraduatesUIS · 2023 · world median 35.330.19Moved since 2014

    Moldova: 30.19 · world median 35.3 · STEM graduates who are women (%; 50 = parity). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 8.333 to 55.96.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

No current reading for Moldova

Nobel Prize Laureates by Country of Birth, Participation in Organised Learning One Year Before Primary (last 2022) and Primary Schools with Electricity (last 2019). Listed rather than hidden, so the page can be checked against it.

“Position · derived” is this site’s ordering of the published values, 1st = best unless the row says otherwise; the publisher ranks no country on it. Rank, position and standing

06The top of the list

Who leads on education & knowledge

The three countries placed highest of 198, and the leaders Moldova can most readily be measured against.

All 198 countries
  1. 1

    United Arab Emirates

    Western Asia

    1st of 198 · 2 of 4 keys

    Photo: Unknown author · CC BY-SA 3.0, greyscale

  2. 2

    Greece

    Southern Europe

    2nd of 198 · 3 of 4 keys

    Photo: User:Ggia derivative work: Jjtkk · CC BY-SA 3.0, greyscale

  3. 3

    Poland

    Eastern Europe

    3rd of 198 · 3 of 4 keys

    Photo: Ralf Lotys (Sicherlich) · CC BY 3.0, greyscale

Placed highest nearby

  1. Highest placed on all 4 keys

    Moldova7th4/4 keys
  2. Highest in Europe

    Greece2nd3/4 keys
  3. Highest in Eastern Europe

    Poland3rd3/4 keys

Positions out of 198 placed on the topic. A country needs readings on enough keys to be placed, and the top of the list is often held on fewer of them.

07Questions

Moldova on education & knowledge: questions answered

Every answer is built from the numbers on this page, so none can say something the page does not.

How does Moldova rank on education & knowledge?

Moldova is placed 7th of 198 countries on Education & Knowledge in the Country Index 2026, from 4 of its 4 key statistics (Out-of-School Rate, Primary, Participation in Organised Learning One Year Before Primary, Upper Secondary Completion Rate and Government Spending on Education). The position is this site’s ordering of published statistics, not a rank any publisher printed.

What is the latest Out-of-School Rate, Primary figure for Moldova?

0.463 in 2024 (out-of-school rate, primary age (%)), according to UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). The world median in the same edition was 3.691.

What is the latest Participation in Organised Learning One Year Before Primary figure for Moldova?

98.58 in 2024 (children one year before primary entry age in organised learning (%)), according to UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). The world median in the same edition was 85.9.

How does Moldova compare with Ukraine on education & knowledge?

Ukraine is placed 105th of 198, and Moldova 7th. Out-of-School Rate, Primary: Ukraine 12.93, Moldova 0.463; Participation in Organised Learning One Year Before Primary: Ukraine 76.65, Moldova 98.58; Upper Secondary Completion Rate: Ukraine 97.25, Moldova 92.82.

How have Moldova’s education & knowledge figures changed?

Out-of-School Rate, Primary fell from 8.449 in 2010 to 0.463 in 2024; Participation in Organised Learning One Year Before Primary rose from 92.59 in 2010 to 98.58 in 2022; Upper Secondary Completion Rate rose from 90.17 in 2000 to 92.82 in 2025; Government Spending on Education rose from 4.486 in 2000 to 6.557 in 2023.

Which education & knowledge statistics are missing for Moldova?

No current reading is published for Moldova on Nobel Prize Laureates by Country of Birth, Participation in Organised Learning One Year Before Primary and Primary Schools with Electricity. They are listed rather than hidden, so the evidence on the page can be checked against it.

08Method

Method, sources and how to cite

What this topic does not measure

How much children actually learn is only partly covered. International test scores exist for a limited group of countries, and they are published here as context rather than used as a key, because a key must describe most of the world. Universities, research, and youth and adult literacy also appear as context.

About education & knowledge, in full

How the Education & Knowledge standing is decided

A standing is this site’s ordering, named with its edition — never a publisher’s rank. 4 key statistics vote, one vote each; every country’s published value becomes a place within that key’s own field, the places are averaged, and the average is never published. A country needs 2 of the 4 keys to be placed.

The education & knowledge method, step by stepHow every standing on this site is built

The key statistics and their licences

The other 40 statistics on this page come from 8 publishers, each named beside its numbers, with every edition and licence on the datasets pages.

The standing itself is part of the Country Index 2026, published under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Photographs

Moldova’s banner and the countries placed highest, from their profiles: Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale, each used under the licence named.

Cite this page

Nations Inquiry (2026). Moldova: Education & Knowledge — standing and statistics, Country Index 2026. https://nationsinquiry.com/countries/moldova/education

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