
Photo: Nhobgood Nick Hobgood · CC BY-SA 3.0 · via Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale
Topic 13 of 18 · Country Index 2026
Timor-Leste: Food & Agriculture
What does a country grow, and what does it take to grow it?
Timor-Leste is placed 164th of 184 countries on food & agriculture in the Country Index 2026, from 3 of its 4 key statistics. Readings behind it: Progress Toward Productive and Sustainable Agriculture (SDG 2.4.1 Proxy) 2.17 (2024); Cereal Yield 2,129 (2023).
Share
Food & Agriculture
164th
of 184 countries placed
Placed from 3 of 4 key statistics
- 2.17Progress Toward Productive and Sustainable Agriculture (SDG 2.4.1 Proxy), 2024Current status score, from 1 (worst) to 5 (best), averaged over up to seven sub-indicators
- 2,129Cereal Yield, 2023Cereal yield (kg per hectare)
- 2,258Dietary Energy Supply, 2024Dietary energy supply (kcal per person per day)
- —Agriculture Orientation Index, 2024No reading for this country
01The evidence
The 4 key statistics that decide it
Only these place Timor-Leste on food & agriculture — one vote each. Every value is the publisher’s own, read at the edition the Country Index 2026 used; the grey ticks are every other country it was compared with, lowest on the left.
Key 1 of 4
Progress Toward Productive and Sustainable Agriculture (SDG 2.4.1 Proxy)
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
2024 edition · data for 2024 · CC BY 4.0
2.17
Current status score, from 1 (worst) to 5 (best), averaged over up to seven sub-indicators
Higher is better
Timor-Leste: 2.17. Across the 186 countries in this edition, values run from 1.67 (Tuvalu) to 4.57 (Italy); the world median is 3.14.
- World median
- 3.14
- Best in South-eastern Asia
- 3.67 Singapore
- Land neighbours
- Indonesia 3.29
Key 2 of 4
Cereal Yield
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
2023 edition · data for 2023 · CC BY 4.0
2,129
Cereal yield (kg per hectare)
Higher is better
Timor-Leste: 2,129. Across the 179 countries in this edition, values run from 23 (Cabo Verde) to 29,147 (Oman); the world median is 3,072.
- World median
- 3,072
- Best in South-eastern Asia
- 5,995 Vietnam
- Land neighbours
- Indonesia 5,829
Key 3 of 4
Dietary Energy Supply
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
2024 edition · data for 2024 · CC BY 4.0
2,258
Dietary energy supply (kcal per person per day)
Higher is better
Timor-Leste: 2,258. Across the 155 countries in this edition, values run from 1,757 (Somalia) to 3,962 (United States); the world median is 2,982.
- World median
- 2,982
- Best in South-eastern Asia
- 3,015 Vietnam
- Land neighbours
- Indonesia 2,915
Key 4 of 4
Agriculture Orientation Index
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
2024 edition · data for 2024 · CC BY 4.0
No reading
Agriculture orientation index (1.0 = spending matches sector size)
Higher is better
FAO publishes no 2024 figure for Timor-Leste, so the standing rests on the other keys.
Across the 132 countries in this edition, values run from 0.03 (Ghana) to 5.38 (Singapore); the world median is 0.305.
- World median
- 0.305
- Best in South-eastern Asia
- 5.38 Singapore
- Land neighbours
- Indonesia 0.21
02Over time
Which way Timor-Leste is moving
Each key’s published value, edition by edition, beside the world median. The Country Index 2026 is the first edition of the standing, so the standing itself has no history to chart yet.
Progress Toward Productive and Sustainable Agriculture (SDG 2.4.1 Proxy)
Current status score, from 1 (worst) to 5 (best), averaged over up to seven sub-indicators · higher is better
Timor-LesteWorld median
Timor-Leste was at 2.17 in both 2015 and 2024; the world median went from 3.14 to 3.14.
Every year’s figures
Year Timor-Leste World median 2024 2.2 3.1 2023 2.2 3.1 2022 2.2 3.2 2021 2.2 3.1 2020 2.3 3.1 2019 2.3 3.1 2018 2.3 3.2 2017 2.3 3.1 2016 2.2 3.1 2015 2.2 3.1 Cereal Yield
Cereal yield (kg per hectare) · higher is better
Timor-LesteWorld median
Timor-Leste rose from 1,937 in 2000 to 2,129 in 2023; the world median went from 2,170 to 3,072.
Every year’s figures
Year Timor-Leste World median 2023 2,129.4 3,072 2022 1,943.8 3,217 2021 1,201.9 3,003 2020 2,658.5 3,260 2019 2,354.2 3,106 2018 2,503.6 2,883 2017 2,383.3 2,984 2016 2,567.9 3,043 2015 2,595.7 3,000 2014 2,923.1 3,001 2013 2,656.4 2,970 2012 2,089.9 2,782 2011 2,586.1 2,754 2010 2,451.4 2,647 2009 2,315.5 2,653 2008 1,442.7 2,664 2007 1,276.1 2,553 2006 1,503.4 2,514 2005 1,541.9 2,512 2004 1,562.7 2,428 2003 1,443.4 2,331 2002 1,667.2 2,378 2001 1,338.7 2,199 2000 1,936.8 2,170 Dietary Energy Supply
Dietary energy supply (kcal per person per day) · higher is better
Timor-LesteWorld median
Timor-Leste rose from 1,739 in 2001 to 2,258 in 2024; the world median went from 2,628 to 2,982.
Every year’s figures
Year Timor-Leste World median 2024 2,258 2,982.0 2023 2,268 2,969.0 2022 2,273 2,962.5 2021 2,255 2,967.0 2020 2,240 2,934.0 2019 2,242 2,912.5 2018 2,271 2,893.0 2017 2,280 2,886.0 2016 2,297 2,863.0 2015 2,307 2,835.0 2014 2,309 2,844.0 2013 2,303 2,856.0 2012 2,286 2,838.0 2011 2,276 2,827.5 2010 2,258 2,808.0 2009 2,223 2,818.0 2008 2,187 2,811.0 2007 2,150 2,810.5 2006 2,114 2,772.0 2005 2,078 2,740.5 2004 2,041 2,712.5 2003 1,997 2,685.0 2002 1,891 2,667.0 2001 1,739 2,628.0 Agriculture Orientation Index
Agriculture orientation index (1.0 = spending matches sector size) · higher is better
Timor-LesteWorld median
Timor-Leste fell from 0.21 in 2001 to 0.12 in 2022; the world median went from 0.36 to 0.29.
Every year’s figures
Year Timor-Leste World median 2024 — 0.305 2023 — 0.305 2022 0.12 0.290 2021 0.11 0.260 2020 0.10 0.255 2019 0.41 0.265 2018 0.64 0.270 2017 0.07 0.260 2016 0.36 0.285 2015 0.11 0.305 2014 0.14 0.300 2013 0.10 0.285 2012 0.06 0.330 2011 0.05 0.290 2010 0.05 0.320 2009 0.22 0.370 2008 0.17 0.390 2007 0.13 0.410 2006 0.15 0.355 2005 0.16 0.325 2004 0.15 0.320 2003 0.19 0.320 2002 0.19 0.340 2001 0.21 0.360
03In context
Timor-Leste beside its neighbours
A position reads best beside the countries around it. Every position below is a place among all 184 countries on food & agriculture, never a place within the region.
Timor-Leste and the countries it borders
Standing among all 184; the key columns are the publishers’ own values.
| Country | Standing | Progress Toward Productive and Sustainable Agriculture (SDG 2.4.1 Proxy)Current status score, from 1 (worst) to 5 (best), averaged over up to seven sub-indicators | Cereal YieldCereal yield (kg per hectare) | Dietary Energy SupplyDietary energy supply (kcal per person per day) | Agriculture Orientation IndexAgriculture orientation index (1.0 = spending matches sector size) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 83rd | 3.29 | 5,829 | 2,915 | 0.21 | |
| 164th | 2.17 | 2,129 | 2,258 | — |
“—”: no published reading in that edition. What a standing is
Across South-eastern Asia
Every country in the sub-region, by its place among all 184.
Placed either side on food & agriculture
The countries immediately above and below Timor-Leste in the topic’s list.
04Context, no vote
Where Timor-Leste is ahead of the world, and behind
23 more statistics filed under food & agriculture, published in full and deliberately given no vote in the standing. Select a row for the publisher, the rank and the links.
Ahead of the world median2
Statistics on which Timor-Leste does better than the middle country measured.
Organic Agricultural AreaFAO · 2024 · world median 0.7257.720.725▼ Worsened since 2014
Timor-Leste: 7.72 · world median 0.725 · Organic share of agricultural land (%). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 86.38; higher is better.
Position 26th of 150 · derived.
Crop Production IndexFAO · 2022 · world median 106.23107.66106.23▼ Worsened since 2012
Timor-Leste: 107.66 · world median 106.23 · Crop production index (2014–2016 = 100). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2022 edition, data for 2022.
Published values in that edition run from 53.79 to 189.93; higher is better.
Position 86th of 195 · derived.
Behind the world median8
Statistics on which Timor-Leste does worse than the middle country measured.
Food Production IndexFAO · 2022 · world median 106.08101.69106.08▼ Worsened since 2012
Timor-Leste: 101.69 · world median 106.08 · Food production index (2014–2016 = 100). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2022 edition, data for 2022.
Published values in that edition run from 71.08 to 177.49; higher is better.
Position 124th of 195 · derived.
Prevalence of UndernourishmentFAO · 2023 · world median 5.218.75.2▼ Worsened since 2013
Timor-Leste: 18.7 · world median 5.2 · Population undernourished (%). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 2.5 to 54.2; lower is better.
Position 30th of 104 · derived, 1st = worst.
Share of Dietary Energy Supply from Cereals, Roots and TubersFAO · 2022 · world median 416241▲ Improved since 2012
Timor-Leste: 62 · world median 41 · Share of dietary energy supply from cereals, roots and tubers (%). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2022 edition, data for 2022.
Published values in that edition run from 21 to 82; lower is better.
Livestock Production IndexFAO · 2022 · world median 107.0692.01107.06▼ Worsened since 2012
Timor-Leste: 92.01 · world median 107.06 · Livestock production index (2014–2016 = 100). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2022 edition, data for 2022.
Published values in that edition run from 35.52 to 190.08; higher is better.
Position 168th of 194 · derived.
Per Capita Food Supply VariabilityFAO · 2024 · world median 296229▼ Worsened since 2014
Timor-Leste: 62 · world median 29 · Year-to-year variability of the food supply (kcal per person per day). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 4 to 227; lower is better.
Vegetable Supply per PersonFAO · 2023 · world median 102.6927.83102.69▼ Worsened since 2013
Timor-Leste: 27.83 · world median 102.69 · Vegetables available as food (kg per person per year). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 6.89 to 412.72; higher is better.
Agricultural Emissions IntensityFAO · 2023 · world median 1.5656.161.565▼ Worsened since 2013
Timor-Leste: 6.16 · world median 1.565 · Greenhouse gases from farming per value of agricultural output (kg CO₂eq per international dollar). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 28.2; lower is better.
Position 13th of 190 · derived, 1st = worst.
Fruit Supply per PersonFAO · 2023 · world median 84.8316.4284.83No real change since 2013
Timor-Leste: 16.42 · world median 84.83 · Fruit available as food, excluding wine (kg per person per year). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 4.27 to 379.63; higher is better.
No better end13
These describe the shape of a country — more is not better or worse, only different — so they are never ahead or behind.
Water Withdrawal by SectorFAO · 2022 · world median 62.1491.3862.14No real change since 2012
Timor-Leste: 91.38 · world median 62.14 · Freshwater withdrawn for agriculture (% of total). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2022 edition, data for 2022.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 99.48.
Position 21st of 171 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Employment in AgricultureILO · 2025 · world median 14.3846.0214.38Moved since 2015
Timor-Leste: 46.02 · world median 14.38 · Employment in agriculture (% of total employment). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.095 to 85.34.
Position 26th of 182 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Livestock DensityFAO · 2023 · world median 0.5351.170.535Moved since 2013
Timor-Leste: 1.17 · world median 0.535 · Livestock units per hectare of agricultural land. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.02 to 43.97.
Position 40th of 188 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Agricultural Irrigated LandFAO · 2023 · world median 3.668.5993.66No earlier reading
Timor-Leste: 8.599 · world median 3.66 · Irrigated share of agricultural land (%). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.003 to 89.04.
Position 37th of 121 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Women's Share of Agricultural LandownersFAO · 2025 · world median 25.6433.2425.64No earlier reading
Timor-Leste: 33.24 · world median 25.64 · Women's share of owners or rights-bearers of agricultural land (%). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 2.16 to 57.8.
Arable Land per PersonFAO · 2023 · world median 0.1090.0810.109Moved since 2013
Timor-Leste: 0.081 · world median 0.109 · Arable land (hectares per person). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 1.459.
Position 132nd of 206 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Agricultural LandFAO · 2023 · world median 37.9622.9637.96No real change since 2013
Timor-Leste: 22.96 · world median 37.96 · Agricultural land (% of land area). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.445 to 86.48.
Position 142nd of 209 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Meat Supply per PersonFAO · 2023 · world median 57.8331.8157.83Moved since 2013
Timor-Leste: 31.81 · world median 57.83 · Meat available as food (kg per person per year, carcass weight). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 3.49 to 156.95.
Pesticide Use per HectareFAO · 2024 · world median 1.730.831.73Moved since 2014
Timor-Leste: 0.83 · world median 1.73 · Pesticide use (kg per hectare of cropland). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 37.72.
Position 128th of 178 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Fisheries and Aquaculture ProductionFAO · 2024 · world median 52,3758,43152,375Moved since 2014
Timor-Leste: 8,431 · world median 52,375 · Fish, crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic animals caught or farmed, tonnes (live weight). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 70,500,841.
Agricultural EmissionsFAO · 2023 · world median 8,6351,1228,635No real change since 2013
Timor-Leste: 1,122 · world median 8,635 · Farm-gate emissions (kt CO₂eq). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 1,044,508.
Position 148th of 193 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Fish and Seafood Supply per PersonFAO · 2023 · world median 16.176.9716.17No real change since 2013
Timor-Leste: 6.97 · world median 16.17 · Fish and seafood available as food (kg per person per year, live-weight equivalent). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.38 to 83.81.
Land Under Cereal ProductionFAO · 2023 · world median 689,27878,894689,278No real change since 2013
Timor-Leste: 78,894 · world median 689,278 · Land under cereal production (hectares). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 103,715,108.
Position 138th of 179 · derived, counted from the highest value.
No current reading for Timor-Leste
Agriculture Orientation Index (last 2022), Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Value Added (% of GDP) (last 2024), Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Value Added per Worker (last 2024), Cereal Import Dependency Ratio (last 2018), Cropland Nitrogen Balance, Fertilizer Consumption per Hectare (last 2022), Global Report on Food Crises, Legal Guarantees of Women's Equal Rights to Land and Prevalence of Severe Food Insecurity (last 2021). Listed rather than hidden, so the page can be checked against it.
“Position · derived” is this site’s ordering of the published values, 1st = best unless the row says otherwise; the publisher ranks no country on it. Rank, position and standing
05Country Index 2026
Food & Agriculture among Timor-Leste’s 15 topics
Food & Agriculture is Timor-Leste’s 13th best-placed topic of 15. Strongest first, each marker at its share of that topic’s field.
- Peace & Securityjoint 30th of 1774/4 keys
- Environment & Sustainability32nd of 1864/4 keys
- Gender & Equality51st of 1833/4 keys
- Democracy & Civil Libertiesjoint 73rd of 1984/4 keys
- Poverty & Inequality77th of 1592/3 keys
- Work & Labour90th of 1824/4 keys
- Governance & Institutions114th of 1944/4 keys
- Education & Knowledgejoint 123rd of 1984/4 keys
- Mobility & Trade111th of 1772/4 keys
- Development & Human Capitaljoint 147th of 1963/3 keys
- Risk & Resilience146th of 1933/4 keys
- Health & Wellbeing177th of 2003/4 keys
- Food & Agriculture164th of 1843/4 keys
- Digital & Technology182nd of 1984/4 keys
- Economy & Innovation167th of 1762/4 keys
No standing on Energy: too few of those topics’ key statistics are published for this country.
06The top of the list
Who leads on food & agriculture
The three countries placed highest of 184, and the leaders Timor-Leste can most readily be measured against.
1Serbia
Southern Europe
1st of 184 · 4 of 4 keys
Photo: Lošmi derivative work: Jjtkk · CC BY-SA 3.0, greyscale
2Austria
Western Europe
2nd of 184 · 4 of 4 keys
Photo: chensiyuan · CC BY-SA 4.0, greyscale
3Malta
Southern Europe
3rd of 184 · 3 of 4 keys
Photo: Dirk Heldmaier derivative work: Jjtkk · CC BY-SA 3.0, greyscale
Placed highest nearby
Highest in Asia
Japan5th2/4 keys
Highest in South-eastern Asia
Singapore8th2/4 keys
This page
Timor-Leste164th3/4 keys
Positions out of 184 placed on the topic. A country needs readings on enough keys to be placed, and the top of the list is often held on fewer of them.
07Questions
Timor-Leste on food & agriculture: questions answered
Every answer is built from the numbers on this page, so none can say something the page does not.
How does Timor-Leste rank on food & agriculture?
Timor-Leste is placed 164th of 184 countries on Food & Agriculture in the Country Index 2026, from 3 of its 4 key statistics (Progress Toward Productive and Sustainable Agriculture (SDG 2.4.1 Proxy), Cereal Yield and Dietary Energy Supply). The position is this site’s ordering of published statistics, not a rank any publisher printed.
What is the latest Progress Toward Productive and Sustainable Agriculture (SDG 2.4.1 Proxy) figure for Timor-Leste?
2.17 in 2024 (current status score, from 1 (worst) to 5 (best), averaged over up to seven sub-indicators), according to Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The world median in the same edition was 3.14.
What is the latest Cereal Yield figure for Timor-Leste?
2,129 in 2023 (cereal yield (kg per hectare)), according to Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The world median in the same edition was 3,072.
How does Timor-Leste compare with Indonesia on food & agriculture?
Indonesia is placed 83rd of 184, and Timor-Leste 164th. Progress Toward Productive and Sustainable Agriculture (SDG 2.4.1 Proxy): Indonesia 3.29, Timor-Leste 2.17; Cereal Yield: Indonesia 5,829, Timor-Leste 2,129; Dietary Energy Supply: Indonesia 2,915, Timor-Leste 2,258.
How have Timor-Leste’s food & agriculture figures changed?
Progress Toward Productive and Sustainable Agriculture (SDG 2.4.1 Proxy) was 2.17 in both 2015 and 2024; Cereal Yield rose from 1,937 in 2000 to 2,129 in 2023; Dietary Energy Supply rose from 1,739 in 2001 to 2,258 in 2024; Agriculture Orientation Index fell from 0.21 in 2001 to 0.12 in 2022.
Which food & agriculture statistics are missing for Timor-Leste?
No current reading is published for Timor-Leste on Agriculture Orientation Index, Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Value Added (% of GDP), Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Value Added per Worker, Cereal Import Dependency Ratio, Cropland Nitrogen Balance, Fertilizer Consumption per Hectare, Global Report on Food Crises, Legal Guarantees of Women's Equal Rights to Land and Prevalence of Severe Food Insecurity. They are listed rather than hidden, so the evidence on the page can be checked against it.
08Method
Method, sources and how to cite
What this topic does not measure
This subject is about production and land use, not about whether people are fed. Hunger, undernourishment and what a population actually eats are measured under Health & Wellbeing, and the two regularly disagree — a country can grow a great deal and still leave many people short, and one that grows little can be well fed by trade. The wider environmental cost of farming — emissions, water withdrawal, forest cover — is filed under Environment & Sustainability.
How the Food & Agriculture standing is decided
A standing is this site’s ordering, named with its edition — never a publisher’s rank. 4 key statistics vote, one vote each; every country’s published value becomes a place within that key’s own field, the places are averaged, and the average is never published. A country needs 2 of the 4 keys to be placed.
The food & agriculture method, step by stepHow every standing on this site is built
The key statistics and their licences
- Progress Toward Productive and Sustainable Agriculture (SDG 2.4.1 Proxy) — Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), CC BY 4.0
- Cereal Yield — Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), CC BY 4.0
- Dietary Energy Supply — Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), CC BY 4.0
- Agriculture Orientation Index — Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), CC BY 4.0
The other 23 statistics on this page come from 2 publishers, each named beside its numbers, with every edition and licence on the datasets pages.
The standing itself is part of the Country Index 2026, published under CC BY-SA 4.0.
Photographs
Timor-Leste’s banner and the countries placed highest, from their profiles: Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale, each used under the licence named.
- Timor-Leste (banner) — Nhobgood Nick Hobgood, CC BY-SA 3.0
- Serbia — Lošmi derivative work: Jjtkk, CC BY-SA 3.0
- Austria — chensiyuan, CC BY-SA 4.0
- Malta — Dirk Heldmaier derivative work: Jjtkk, CC BY-SA 3.0
Cite this page
Nations Inquiry (2026). Timor-Leste: Food & Agriculture — standing and statistics, Country Index 2026. https://nationsinquiry.com/countries/timor-leste/food