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Education & Knowledge

29th

of 198 countries placed

Placed from 3 of 4 key statistics

01The evidence

The 4 key statistics that decide it

Only these place Belgium on education & knowledge — one vote each. Every value is the publisher’s own, read at the edition the Country Index 2026 used — or, for a survey-based key, each country’s latest reading; the grey ticks are every other country it was compared with, lowest on the left.

Why these keys
  1. Key 1 of 4

    Out-of-School Rate, Primary

    UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS)

    Why it is a key

    Latest reading per country, 2014–2024 · Belgium’s is from 2023 · CC BY-SA 4.0

    1.658

    Out-of-school rate, primary age (%)

    Lower is better

    Belgium: 1.658. Across the 192 countries at their latest reading, values run from 0.004 (United Arab Emirates) to 65.6 (Equatorial Guinea); the world median is 3.691.

    World median
    3.691
    Best in Western Europe
    0.143 Switzerland
    Land neighbours
    Germany 0.274 · France 0.204 · Luxembourg 0.256 · Netherlands 0.519
  2. Key 2 of 4

    Participation in Organised Learning One Year Before Primary

    UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS)

    Why it is a key

    Latest reading per country, 2014–2024 · Belgium’s is from 2023 · CC BY-SA 4.0

    98.31

    Children one year before primary entry age in organised learning (%)

    Higher is better

    Belgium: 98.31. Across the 187 countries at their latest reading, values run from 3.411 (Yemen) to 100 (United Arab Emirates); the world median is 85.9.

    World median
    85.9
    Best in Western Europe
    99.76 France
    Land neighbours
    Germany 98.37 · France 99.76 · Luxembourg 99.45 · Netherlands 98.33
  3. Key 3 of 4

    Upper Secondary Completion Rate

    UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS)

    Why it is a key

    2025 edition · data for 2025 · CC BY-SA 4.0

    86.34

    Upper secondary completion rate (%)

    Higher is better

    Belgium: 86.34. Across the 164 countries in this edition, values run from 2.13 (South Sudan) to 99.27 (South Korea); the world median is 64.87.

    World median
    64.87
    Best in Western Europe
    92.96 Switzerland
    Land neighbours
    Germany 80.95 · France 87.56 · Luxembourg 81.68 · Netherlands 79.98
  4. Key 4 of 4

    Government Spending on Education

    UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS)

    Why it is a key

    2023 edition · data for 2023 · CC BY-SA 4.0

    No reading

    Government expenditure on education (% of GDP)

    Higher is better

    UIS publishes no 2023 figure for Belgium, so the standing rests on the other keys.

    Across the 123 countries in this edition, values run from 0 (Somalia) to 16.39 (Kiribati); the world median is 3.709.

    World median
    3.709
    Best in Western Europe
    1.732 Monaco

03In context

Belgium beside its neighbours

A position reads best beside the countries around it. Every position below is a place among all 198 countries on education & knowledge, never a place within the region.

Western Europe
1st198thNot placed · 26 countries with too few key statisticsNo data

The whole world on education & knowledge

Belgium and the countries it borders

Standing among all 198; the key columns are the publishers’ own values.

CountryStandingOut-of-School Rate, PrimaryOut-of-school rate, primary age (%)Participation in Organised Learning One Year Before PrimaryChildren one year before primary entry age in organised learning (%)Upper Secondary Completion RateUpper secondary completion rate (%)Government Spending on EducationGovernment expenditure on education (% of GDP)
France10th0.20499.7687.56—
Luxembourg17th0.25699.4581.68—
Germany=19th0.27498.3780.95—
Netherlands21st0.51998.3379.98—
Belgium29th1.65898.3186.34—

“—”: no published reading in that edition. What a standing is

Placed either side on education & knowledge

The countries immediately above and below Belgium in the topic’s list.

04Context, no vote

Where Belgium is ahead of the world, and behind

28 more statistics filed under education & knowledge, published in full and deliberately given no vote in the standing. Select a row for the publisher, the rank and the links.

Every country

Ahead of the world median20

Statistics on which Belgium does better than the middle country measured.

  • Academic Freedom IndexV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.6190.946No real change since 2015

    Belgium: 0.946 · world median 0.619 · Academic freedom index (0–1). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.

    Published values in that edition run from 0.019 to 0.978; higher is better.

    Position 3rd of 176 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2025 dataset

  • Expected Years of SchoolingUNDP Human Development Report Office · 2023 · world median 13.3419▼ Worsened since 2013

    Belgium: 19 · world median 13.34 · Expected years of schooling. UNDP Human Development Report Office, 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 5.635 to 21.69; higher is better.

    Position 8th of 195 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Researchers per Million InhabitantsUIS · 2024 · world median 701.955,990No earlier reading

    Belgium: 5,990 · world median 701.95 · Researchers per million inhabitants (full-time equivalent). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 1.446 to 18,130; higher is better.

    Position 11th of 145 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • Research and Development SpendingUIS · 2023 · world median 0.8143.272▲ Improved since 2013

    Belgium: 3.272 · world median 0.814 · Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 0.006 to 6.346; higher is better.

    Position 7th of 84 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Bachelor's or Higher AttainmentUIS · 2023 · world median 19.8637.41▼ Worsened since 2013

    Belgium: 37.41 · world median 19.86 · Adults 25+ who completed a bachelor's degree or higher (%). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 1.135 to 52.72; higher is better.

    Position 8th of 90 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Harmonized Test ScoresWorld Bank Group · 2020 · world median 414.32516.81No real change since 2010

    Belgium: 516.81 · world median 414.32 · Harmonized test score (TIMSS-equivalent points; 300 = minimum, 625 = advanced attainment). World Bank Group, 2020 edition, data for 2020.

    Published values in that edition run from 304.92 to 575.27; higher is better.

    Position 19th of 172 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2020 dataset

  • Learning-Adjusted Years of SchoolWorld Bank Group · 2020 · world median 7.94111.18▲ Improved since 2010

    Belgium: 11.18 · world median 7.941 · Learning-adjusted years of school (0–14). World Bank Group, 2020 edition, data for 2020.

    Published values in that edition run from 2.207 to 12.81; higher is better.

    Position 20th of 172 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2020 dataset

  • Mean Years of SchoolingUNDP Human Development Report Office · 2023 · world median 9.93312.69▲ Improved since 2013

    Belgium: 12.69 · world median 9.933 · Mean years of schooling (adults 25+). UNDP Human Development Report Office, 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 1.412 to 14.3; higher is better.

    Position 27th of 193 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • PISA Mathematics PerformanceOECD · 2022 · world median 442.09489.49▲ Improved since 2012

    Belgium: 489.49 · world median 442.09 · Mean mathematics score. OECD, 2022 edition, data for 2022.

    Published values in that edition run from 336.4 to 574.66; higher is better.

    Position 12th of 79 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2022 dataset

  • Minimum Proficiency in Reading, End of PrimaryUIS · 2023 · world median 60.0894.31No earlier reading

    Belgium: 94.31 · world median 60.08 · Pupils at the end of primary reaching minimum proficiency in reading (%). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 2 to 98.78; higher is better.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Minimum Proficiency in Mathematics, End of Lower SecondaryUIS · 2023 · world median 48.975.05No earlier reading

    Belgium: 75.05 · world median 48.9 · Students at the end of lower secondary reaching minimum proficiency in mathematics (%). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 0.73 to 91.73; higher is better.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Minimum Proficiency in Mathematics, End of PrimaryUIS · 2023 · world median 43.873.06No earlier reading

    Belgium: 73.06 · world median 43.8 · Pupils at the end of primary reaching minimum proficiency in mathematics (%). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 1.8 to 93.42; higher is better.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Learning PovertyWorld Bank Group and UNESCO Institute for Statistics · 2023 · world median 34.028.527No earlier reading

    Belgium: 8.527 · world median 34.02 · 10-year-olds who cannot read and understand a simple text (%). World Bank Group and UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 2.331 to 98.5; lower is better.

    Position 100th of 125 · derived, 1st = worst.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Government Funding per Primary StudentUIS · 2022 · world median 17.8121.79▼ Worsened since 2012

    Belgium: 21.79 · world median 17.81 · Government funding per primary student (% of GDP per capita). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2022 edition, data for 2022.

    Published values in that edition run from 3.771 to 34.57; higher is better.

    Position 16th of 68 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2022 dataset

  • PISA Reading PerformanceOECD · 2022 · world median 440.35478.85No real change since 2012

    Belgium: 478.85 · world median 440.35 · Mean reading score. OECD, 2022 edition, data for 2022.

    Published values in that edition run from 328.84 to 542.55; higher is better.

    Position 23rd of 79 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2022 dataset

  • PISA Science PerformanceOECD · 2022 · world median 446.93490.58▲ Improved since 2012

    Belgium: 490.58 · world median 446.93 · Mean science score. OECD, 2022 edition, data for 2022.

    Published values in that edition run from 347.1 to 561.43; higher is better.

    Position 24th of 79 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2022 dataset

  • Minimum Proficiency in Reading, End of Lower SecondaryUIS · 2022 · world median 58.5974.73No earlier reading

    Belgium: 74.73 · world median 58.59 · Students at the end of lower secondary reaching minimum proficiency in reading (%). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2022 edition, data for 2022.

    Published values in that edition run from 5.043 to 88.83; higher is better.

    Chart and every countryThe 2022 dataset

  • Primary Completion RateUIS · 2025 · world median 97.4398.94▼ Worsened since 2015

    Belgium: 98.94 · world median 97.43 · Primary completion rate (%). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2025 edition, data for 2025.

    Published values in that edition run from 7.94 to 100; higher is better.

    Position 60th of 165 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2025 dataset

  • Upper Secondary AttainmentUIS · 2023 · world median 65.7674.42▲ Improved since 2013

    Belgium: 74.42 · world median 65.76 · Adults 25+ who completed upper secondary or higher (%). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 5.26 to 97.89; higher is better.

    Position 38th of 95 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Lower Secondary Completion RateUIS · 2025 · world median 89.2191.69▼ Worsened since 2015

    Belgium: 91.69 · world median 89.21 · Lower secondary completion rate (%). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2025 edition, data for 2025.

    Published values in that edition run from 13.73 to 100; higher is better.

    Position 75th of 164 · derived.

    Chart and every countryThe 2025 dataset

Behind the world median1

Statistics on which Belgium does worse than the middle country measured.

  • Intergenerational Persistence in EducationWorld Bank Group · 2017 · world median 0.4460.463No earlier reading

    Belgium: 0.463 · world median 0.446 · Correlation between own and parents' years of schooling, born 1980–89 (0–1). World Bank Group, 2017 edition, data for 2017.

    Published values in that edition run from 0.123 to 0.66; lower is better.

    Position 69th of 153 · derived, 1st = worst.

    Chart and every countryThe 2017 dataset

No better end7

These describe the shape of a country — more is not better or worse, only different — so they are never ahead or behind.

  • Trust in ScientistsWellcome Trust · 2020 · world median 34.3572.35No real change since 2018

    Belgium: 72.35 · world median 34.35 · People aged 15+ who trust scientists in their country 'a lot' (%). Wellcome Trust, 2020 edition, data for 2020.

    Published values in that edition run from 9.335 to 72.35.

    Chart and every countryThe 2020 dataset

  • Scholarly ArticlesOurResearch · 2025 · world median 2,24040,525No real change since 2022

    Belgium: 40,525 · world median 2,240 · Articles with at least one author at an institution in the country (full counting). OpenAlex (OurResearch), 2025 edition, data for 2025.

    Published values in that edition run from 1 to 1,094,890.

    Chart and every countryThe 2025 dataset

  • Nobel Prize Laureates by Country of BirthNobel Prize Outreach · 2025 · world median 29No earlier reading

    Belgium: 9 · world median 2 · Laureates born in the country, 1901 to date (people). Nobel Prize Outreach, 2025 edition, data for 2025.

    Published values in that edition run from 1 to 296.

    Chart and every countryThe 2025 dataset

  • Female Share of ResearchersUIS · 2024 · world median 38.1735.93No earlier reading

    Belgium: 35.93 · world median 38.17 · Researchers who are women (% of headcount; 50 = parity). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2024 edition, data for 2024.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 76.54.

    Chart and every countryThe 2024 dataset

  • Outbound Mobility Ratio, TertiaryUIS · 2023 · world median 5.2793.234No real change since 2013

    Belgium: 3.234 · world median 5.279 · Outbound mobility ratio, tertiary (% of tertiary enrolment at home). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 0.333 to 1,724.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Female Share of STEM GraduatesUIS · 2023 · world median 35.328.65Moved since 2014

    Belgium: 28.65 · world median 35.3 · STEM graduates who are women (%; 50 = parity). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 8.333 to 55.96.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

  • Share of Graduates from ICT ProgrammesUIS · 2023 · world median 5.6013.019Moved since 2014

    Belgium: 3.019 · world median 5.601 · Tertiary graduates from ICT programmes (% of all graduates). UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2023 edition, data for 2023.

    Published values in that edition run from 0 to 17.19.

    Chart and every countryThe 2023 dataset

“Position · derived” is this site’s ordering of the published values, 1st = best unless the row says otherwise; the publisher ranks no country on it. Rank, position and standing

06The top of the list

Who leads on education & knowledge

The three countries placed highest of 198, and the leaders Belgium can most readily be measured against.

All 198 countries
  1. 1

    United Arab Emirates

    Western Asia

    1st of 198 · 2 of 4 keys

    Photo: Unknown author · CC BY-SA 3.0, greyscale

  2. 2

    Greece

    Southern Europe

    2nd of 198 · 3 of 4 keys

    Photo: User:Ggia derivative work: Jjtkk · CC BY-SA 3.0, greyscale

  3. 3

    Poland

    Eastern Europe

    3rd of 198 · 3 of 4 keys

    Photo: Ralf Lotys (Sicherlich) · CC BY 3.0, greyscale

Placed highest nearby

  1. Highest placed on all 4 keys

    Moldova7th4/4 keys
  2. Highest in Europe

    Greece2nd3/4 keys
  3. Highest in Western Europe

    Switzerland9th3/4 keys
  4. This page

    Belgium29th3/4 keys

Positions out of 198 placed on the topic. A country needs readings on enough keys to be placed, and the top of the list is often held on fewer of them.

07Questions

Belgium on education & knowledge: questions answered

Every answer is built from the numbers on this page, so none can say something the page does not.

How does Belgium rank on education & knowledge?

Belgium is placed 29th of 198 countries on Education & Knowledge in the Country Index 2026, from 3 of its 4 key statistics (Out-of-School Rate, Primary, Participation in Organised Learning One Year Before Primary and Upper Secondary Completion Rate). The position is this site’s ordering of published statistics, not a rank any publisher printed.

What is the latest Out-of-School Rate, Primary figure for Belgium?

1.658 in 2024 (out-of-school rate, primary age (%)), according to UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). The world median in the same edition was 3.691.

What is the latest Participation in Organised Learning One Year Before Primary figure for Belgium?

98.31 in 2024 (children one year before primary entry age in organised learning (%)), according to UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). The world median in the same edition was 85.9.

How does Belgium compare with Germany on education & knowledge?

Germany is placed joint 19th of 198, and Belgium 29th. Out-of-School Rate, Primary: Germany 0.274, Belgium 1.658; Participation in Organised Learning One Year Before Primary: Germany 98.37, Belgium 98.31; Upper Secondary Completion Rate: Germany 80.95, Belgium 86.34.

How have Belgium’s education & knowledge figures changed?

Out-of-School Rate, Primary rose from 0.117 in 2001 to 1.658 in 2023; Participation in Organised Learning One Year Before Primary fell from 99.91 in 2001 to 98.31 in 2023; Upper Secondary Completion Rate rose from 78.88 in 2000 to 86.34 in 2025; Government Spending on Education rose from 5.796 in 2005 to 6.276 in 2022.

Which education & knowledge statistics are missing for Belgium?

No current reading is published for Belgium on Adult Literacy Rate, Gender Parity Index, Tertiary Enrolment, Government Spending on Education, Inbound Mobility Rate, Tertiary, Out-of-School Rate, Lower Secondary Age, Out-of-School Rate, Primary, Participation in Organised Learning One Year Before Primary, Pre-Primary Net Enrolment Rate, Primary Schools with Electricity, Primary Schools with Internet for Teaching, Pupils per Qualified Teacher, Primary, Qualified Teachers in Primary Education, School Life Expectancy, Secondary School Enrolment, Tertiary Enrolment Ratio, Wealth Parity Index, Lower Secondary Completion and Youth Literacy Rate. They are listed rather than hidden, so the evidence on the page can be checked against it.

08Method

Method, sources and how to cite

What this topic does not measure

How much children actually learn is only partly covered. International test scores exist for a limited group of countries, and they are published here as context rather than used as a key, because a key must describe most of the world. Universities, research, and youth and adult literacy also appear as context.

About education & knowledge, in full

How the Education & Knowledge standing is decided

A standing is this site’s ordering, named with its edition — never a publisher’s rank. 4 key statistics vote, one vote each; every country’s published value becomes a place within that key’s own field, the places are averaged, and the average is never published. A country needs 2 of the 4 keys to be placed.

The education & knowledge method, step by stepHow every standing on this site is built

The key statistics and their licences

The other 28 statistics on this page come from 9 publishers, each named beside its numbers, with every edition and licence on the datasets pages.

The standing itself is part of the Country Index 2026, published under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Photographs

Belgium’s banner and the countries placed highest, from their profiles: Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale, each used under the licence named.

Cite this page

Nations Inquiry (2026). Belgium: Education & Knowledge — standing and statistics, Country Index 2026. https://nationsinquiry.com/countries/belgium/education

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