Photo: User:Ggia derivative work: Jjtkk · CC BY-SA 3.0 · via Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale
Topic 03 of 18 · Country Index 2026
Greece: Work & Labour
Can people find work, and on what terms?
Greece is placed 127th of 182 countries on work & labour in the Country Index 2026, from 4 of its 4 key statistics. Readings behind it: Employment-to-Population Ratio 47.52 (2025); Labour Income Share 51.3 (2025).
Share
Work & Labour
127th
of 182 countries placed
Placed from 4 of 4 key statistics
01The evidence
The 4 key statistics that decide it
Only these place Greece on work & labour — one vote each. Every value is the publisher’s own, read at the edition the Country Index 2026 used; the grey ticks are every other country it was compared with, lowest on the left.
Key 1 of 4
Employment-to-Population Ratio
International Labour Organization (ILO)
2025 edition · data for 2025 · CC BY 4.0
47.52
Employed share of the population aged 15+ (%)
Higher is better
Greece: 47.52. Across the 182 countries in this edition, values run from 21.21 (São Tomé and Príncipe) to 86.9 (Qatar); the world median is 57.72.
- World median
- 57.72
- Best in Southern Europe
- 62.13 Malta
- Land neighbours
- Albania 57.24 · Bulgaria 54.13 · North Macedonia 45.57 · Türkiye 49.75
Key 3 of 4
Unemployment Rate
International Labour Organization (ILO)
2025 edition · data for 2025 · CC BY 4.0
8.54
Unemployment (% of labour force)
Lower is better
Greece: 8.54. Across the 182 countries in this edition, values run from 0.13 (Qatar) to 34.2 (Eswatini); the world median is 5.084.
- World median
- 5.084
- Best in Southern Europe
- 2.896 Malta
- Land neighbours
- Albania 10.93 · Bulgaria 3.536 · North Macedonia 12.26 · Türkiye 8.52
Key 4 of 4
Vulnerable Employment
International Labour Organization (ILO)
2025 edition · data for 2025 · CC BY 4.0
23.06
Vulnerable employment (% of total employment)
Lower is better
Greece: 23.06. Across the 182 countries in this edition, values run from 0.456 (Qatar) to 90.22 (Chad); the world median is 28.67.
- World median
- 28.67
- Best in Southern Europe
- 6.346 Croatia
- Land neighbours
- Albania 46.03 · Bulgaria 6.922 · North Macedonia 12.34 · Türkiye 23.91
02Over time
Which way Greece is moving
Each key’s published value, edition by edition, beside the world median. The Country Index 2026 is the first edition of the standing, so the standing itself has no history to chart yet.
Employment-to-Population Ratio
Employed share of the population aged 15+ (%) · higher is better
GreeceWorld median
Greece rose from 45.6 in 2000 to 47.52 in 2025; the world median went from 55.86 to 57.72.
Every year’s figures
Year Greece World median 2025 47.52 57.720 2024 47.09 57.694 2023 46.09 58.158 2022 45.39 57.688 2021 42.95 56.066 2020 42.10 55.691 2019 42.19 57.871 2018 41.06 56.911 2017 40.10 56.738 2016 39.12 56.845 2015 38.41 56.788 2014 37.55 56.774 2013 37.29 56.229 2012 39.06 56.289 2011 42.78 56.297 2010 46.17 56.212 2009 47.70 56.255 2008 48.32 57.308 2007 47.91 56.933 2006 47.76 56.685 2005 46.91 56.129 2004 46.50 55.465 2003 46.35 55.630 2002 45.74 55.843 2001 45.26 56.018 2000 45.61 55.861 Labour Income Share
Labour income share of GDP (%) · higher is better
GreeceWorld median
Greece fell from 54.47 in 2004 to 51.3 in 2025; the world median went from 46.01 to 46.23.
Every year’s figures
Year Greece World median 2025 51.30 46.230 2024 51.26 46.060 2023 51.24 45.900 2022 53.54 45.615 2021 56.91 45.433 2020 58.50 47.267 2019 56.05 46.277 2018 56.58 46.187 2017 54.57 46.467 2016 54.92 46.798 2015 53.85 46.876 2014 56.97 47.281 2013 56.67 46.887 2012 60.22 46.231 2011 60.29 45.679 2010 58.80 46.024 2009 57.60 47.071 2008 55.33 45.312 2007 54.65 45.246 2006 54.81 45.670 2005 56.22 46.265 2004 54.47 46.012 Unemployment Rate
Unemployment (% of labour force) · lower is better
GreeceWorld median
Greece fell from 11.35 in 2000 to 8.54 in 2025; the world median went from 6.918 to 5.084.
Every year’s figures
Year Greece World median 2025 8.5 5.08 2024 10.0 5.15 2023 11.0 5.21 2022 12.4 5.34 2021 14.7 6.04 2020 15.9 6.38 2019 17.0 5.36 2018 19.2 5.35 2017 21.4 5.59 2016 23.5 5.90 2015 25.0 6.41 2014 26.7 6.58 2013 27.7 6.71 2012 24.7 6.79 2011 18.0 6.90 2010 12.7 7.04 2009 9.5 6.67 2008 7.7 5.79 2007 8.4 6.00 2006 8.9 6.50 2005 10.1 7.09 2004 10.6 6.80 2003 9.8 6.95 2002 10.3 6.91 2001 10.8 6.96 2000 11.3 6.92 Vulnerable Employment
Vulnerable employment (% of total employment) · lower is better
GreeceWorld median
Greece fell from 29.18 in 2000 to 23.06 in 2025; the world median went from 35.67 to 28.67.
Every year’s figures
Year Greece World median 2025 23.06 28.67 2024 23.36 29.04 2023 23.67 29.33 2022 22.66 29.67 2021 23.93 30.01 2020 24.17 30.54 2019 24.55 29.98 2018 25.92 30.15 2017 26.81 29.93 2016 26.74 29.91 2015 28.13 30.26 2014 29.69 30.47 2013 30.38 31.14 2012 29.63 31.00 2011 28.59 31.41 2010 27.80 32.37 2009 27.05 32.59 2008 27.03 31.76 2007 27.68 33.47 2006 28.39 34.27 2005 28.49 34.66 2004 28.67 35.51 2003 28.94 35.90 2002 28.96 35.96 2001 28.95 35.27 2000 29.18 35.67
03In context
Greece beside its neighbours
A position reads best beside the countries around it. Every position below is a place among all 182 countries on work & labour, never a place within the region.
Greece and the countries it borders
Standing among all 182; the key columns are the publishers’ own values.
| Country | Standing | Employment-to-Population RatioEmployed share of the population aged 15+ (%) | Labour Income ShareLabour income share of GDP (%) | Unemployment RateUnemployment (% of labour force) | Vulnerable EmploymentVulnerable employment (% of total employment) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Bulgaria | 44th | 54.13 | 50.72 | 3.536 | 6.922 |
| Greece | 127th | 47.52 | 51.3 | 8.54 | 23.06 |
 North Macedonia | 143rd | 45.57 | 45.13 | 12.26 | 12.34 |
 Albania | =146th | 57.24 | 44.54 | 10.93 | 46.03 |
 Türkiyecompare | 151st | 49.75 | 41.13 | 8.52 | 23.91 |
“—”: no published reading in that edition. What a standing is
Across Southern Europe
Every country in the sub-region, by its place among all 182.
Placed either side on work & labour
The countries immediately above and below Greece in the topic’s list.
04Context, no vote
Where Greece is ahead of the world, and behind
32 more statistics filed under work & labour, published in full and deliberately given no vote in the standing. Select a row for the publisher, the rank and the links.
Ahead of the world median18
Statistics on which Greece does better than the middle country measured.
Gini Index of Monthly EarningsILO · 2024 · world median 0.3370.2270.337▲ Improved since 2014
Greece: 0.227 · world median 0.337 · Gini index of employees’ monthly earnings (0 = all paid the same, 1 = maximum inequality). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0.182 to 0.643; lower is better.
Position 71st of 75 · derived, 1st = worst.
Length of Paid Paternity LeaveWorld Bank Group · 2025 · world median 3183▲ Improved since 2015
Greece: 18 · world median 3 · Paid paternity leave set in law (calendar days). World Bank Group, 2026 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 196; higher is better.
Low Pay RateILO · 2024 · world median 17.899.73517.89▲ Improved since 2014
Greece: 9.735 · world median 17.89 · Employees paid less than two-thirds of the median hourly earnings (%). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 3.395 to 41.69; lower is better.
Position 65th of 71 · derived, 1st = worst.
Firms Competing Against Informal FirmsWorld Bank Group · 2026 · world median 41.8114.5841.81No earlier reading
Greece: 14.58 · world median 41.81 · Firms competing against unregistered or informal firms (%). World Bank Group, 2026 edition, data for 2026.
Published values in that edition run from 1.926 to 90.5; lower is better.
Position 162nd of 181 · derived, 1st = worst.
Informal Employment RateILO · 2025 · world median 36.764.19936.76No earlier reading
Greece: 4.199 · world median 36.76 · Informal employment (% of total employment). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.857 to 94.44; lower is better.
Position 78th of 97 · derived, 1st = worst.
GDP per Person EmployedWorld Bank Group · 2025 · world median 47,38492,28547,384▼ Worsened since 2015
Greece: 92,285 · world median 47,384 · GDP per person employed (constant 2021 international $). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 2,456 to 262,554; higher is better.
Position 39th of 168 · derived.
Unemployment Benefit CoverageILO · 2024 · world median 022.30No earlier reading
Greece: 22.3 · world median 0 · Unemployed people receiving unemployment benefits (%). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 100; higher is better.
Labour Productivity per Hour WorkedILO · 2025 · world median 22.1648.8322.16▼ Worsened since 2015
Greece: 48.83 · world median 22.16 · Output per hour worked (constant 2021 international $ at PPP). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.92 to 164.65; higher is better.
Position 46th of 182 · derived.
Length of Paid Maternity LeaveWorld Bank Group · 2025 · world median 9811998▼ Worsened since 2015
Greece: 119 · world median 98 · Paid maternity leave set in law (calendar days). World Bank Group, 2026 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 410; higher is better.
Human Capital Wealth per CapitaWorld Bank Group · 2020 · world median 25,23085,99525,230▼ Worsened since 2010
Greece: 85,995 · world median 25,230 · Human capital per person — present value of future earnings (real chained 2019 US$). World Bank Group, 2020 edition, data for 2020.
Published values in that edition run from 700.38 to 735,422; higher is better.
Position 41st of 151 · derived.
Compliance with Labour RightsILO · 2024 · world median 1.610.851.61▲ Improved since 2015
Greece: 0.85 · world median 1.61 · Compliance with freedom of association and collective bargaining rights (0 = best, 10 = worst). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 10; lower is better.
Youth Not in Education, Employment or TrainingILO · 2024 · world median 14.3110.4314.31▲ Improved since 2014
Greece: 10.43 · world median 14.31 · Youth not in education, employment or training (%). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 3.975 to 65.73; lower is better.
Position 69th of 97 · derived, 1st = worst.
Average Monthly Earnings of EmployeesILO · 2024 · world median 1,6363,5461,636▲ Improved since 2014
Greece: 3,546 · world median 1,636 · Average monthly earnings of employees (2021 PPP $). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 193.28 to 9,307; higher is better.
Position 24th of 75 · derived.
Employment Injury Protection CoverageILO · 2024 · world median 45.976.445.9No earlier reading
Greece: 76.4 · world median 45.9 · Labour force covered in the event of a work injury (%). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 100; higher is better.
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Value Added per WorkerWorld Bank Group · 2025 · world median 6,74215,0246,742▼ Worsened since 2015
Greece: 15,024 · world median 6,742 · Agricultural value added per worker (constant 2015 US$). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 210.77 to 150,632; higher is better.
Position 51st of 151 · derived.
Fatal Occupational InjuriesILO · 2023 · world median 2.0051.482.005▼ Worsened since 2013
Greece: 1.48 · world median 2.005 · Fatal occupational injuries per 100,000 workers. International Labour Organization (ILO), 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.12 to 8.409; lower is better.
Trade Union DensityILO · 2020 · world median 16.6818.9716.68No earlier reading
Greece: 18.97 · world median 16.68 · Employees who are trade union members (%). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2020 edition, data for 2020.
Published values in that edition run from 0.2 to 91.42; higher is better.
Position 60th of 139 · derived.
Female Share of Senior and Middle ManagementILO · 2024 · world median 35.8637.0435.86▲ Improved since 2014
Greece: 37.04 · world median 35.86 · Women in senior and middle management (% of managers). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 7.226 to 56.69; higher is better.
Position 39th of 86 · derived.
Behind the world median6
Statistics on which Greece does worse than the middle country measured.
Composite Rate of Labour Underutilisation (LU4)ILO · 2024 · world median 12.5614.9712.56▲ Improved since 2014
Greece: 14.97 · world median 12.56 · Composite rate of labour underutilisation, LU4 (% of the extended labour force). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 1.495 to 49.82; lower is better.
Position 29th of 76 · derived, 1st = worst.
Firms with a Female Top ManagerWorld Bank Group · 2025 · world median 19.1615.6419.16No earlier reading
Greece: 15.64 · world median 19.16 · Firms with a female top manager (%). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 1.429 to 62.9; higher is better.
Position 117th of 179 · derived.
Female Labour Force Participation RateILO · 2025 · world median 53.3644.6753.36No real change since 2015
Greece: 44.67 · world median 53.36 · Women aged 15+ in the labour force (%). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 4.663 to 82.91; higher is better.
Position 137th of 182 · derived.
Youth Unemployment RateILO · 2025 · world median 12.8321.3912.83▲ Improved since 2015
Greece: 21.39 · world median 12.83 · Unemployment, ages 15-24 (% of youth labour force). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.457 to 76.77; lower is better.
Position 42nd of 182 · derived, 1st = worst.
Labour Force Participation RateILO · 2025 · world median 61.6651.9661.66No real change since 2015
Greece: 51.96 · world median 61.66 · Population aged 15+ in the labour force (%). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 23.34 to 87.01; higher is better.
Position 152nd of 182 · derived.
Firms Offering Formal TrainingWorld Bank Group · 2026 · world median 32.0713.7632.07No earlier reading
Greece: 13.76 · world median 32.07 · Firms offering formal training to permanent full-time workers (%). World Bank Group, 2026 edition, data for 2026.
Published values in that edition run from 1.42 to 79.12; higher is better.
No better end8
These describe the shape of a country — more is not better or worse, only different — so they are never ahead or behind.
Statutory Minimum WageILO · 2024 · world median 657.951,735657.95No real change since 2014
Greece: 1,735 · world median 657.95 · Statutory minimum wage per month (2021 PPP $). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 4.038 to 3,804.
Employment in ServicesILO · 2025 · world median 59.5173.0159.51Moved since 2015
Greece: 73.01 · world median 59.51 · Employment in services (% of total employment). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 11.56 to 92.17.
Position 45th of 182 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Public Sector EmploymentWorld Bank Group · 2022 · world median 15.0123.4315.01No earlier reading
Greece: 23.43 · world median 15.01 · Public sector employment (% of total employment). World Bank Group, 2022 edition, data for 2022.
Published values in that edition run from 1.672 to 47.1.
Position 35th of 135 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Average Weekly Hours WorkedILO · 2025 · world median 38.8938.2738.89Moved since 2015
Greece: 38.27 · world median 38.89 · Average weekly hours actually worked per employed person. International Labour Organization (ILO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 23.64 to 54.7.
Position 97th of 182 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Self-Employment RateILO · 2025 · world median 31.8430.4631.84Moved since 2015
Greece: 30.46 · world median 31.84 · Self-employed (% of total employment). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.832 to 91.56.
Position 97th of 182 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Employment in AgricultureILO · 2025 · world median 14.3810.6814.38No real change since 2015
Greece: 10.68 · world median 14.38 · Employment in agriculture (% of total employment). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.095 to 85.34.
Position 105th of 182 · derived, counted from the highest value.
Share of Temporary EmployeesILO · 2024 · world median 13.459.56113.45No real change since 2014
Greece: 9.561 · world median 13.45 · Employees on temporary contracts (% of employees). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0.337 to 72.78.
Employment in IndustryILO · 2025 · world median 18.8816.3218.88Moved since 2015
Greece: 16.32 · world median 18.88 · Employment in industry (% of total employment). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 3.103 to 39.44.
Position 126th of 182 · derived, counted from the highest value.
No current reading for Greece
Labour Inspectors per 10,000 Employed Persons and Working Poverty Rate. Listed rather than hidden, so the page can be checked against it.
“Position · derived” is this site’s ordering of the published values, 1st = best unless the row says otherwise; the publisher ranks no country on it. Rank, position and standing
05Country Index 2026
Work & Labour among Greece’s 16 topics
Work & Labour is Greece’s 16th best-placed topic of 16. Strongest first, each marker at its share of that topic’s field.
- Education & Knowledge2nd of 1983/4 keys
- Health & Wellbeing21st of 2003/4 keys
- Mobility & Trade21st of 1774/4 keys
- Development & Human Capitaljoint 32nd of 1963/3 keys
- Gender & Equality41st of 1834/4 keys
- Governance & Institutions46th of 1944/4 keys
- Food & Agriculture46th of 1844/4 keys
- Economy & Innovation48th of 1764/4 keys
- Digital & Technology56th of 1984/4 keys
- Energy52nd of 1653/3 keys
- Poverty & Inequality55th of 1593/3 keys
- Democracy & Civil Liberties72nd of 1984/4 keys
- Risk & Resilience71st of 1934/4 keys
- Environment & Sustainability100th of 1864/4 keys
- Peace & Security108th of 1774/4 keys
- Work & Labour127th of 1824/4 keys
06The top of the list
Who leads on work & labour
The three countries placed highest of 182, and the leaders Greece can most readily be measured against.
1
IcelandNorthern Europe
1st of 182 · 4 of 4 keys
Photo: Hansueli Krapf · CC BY-SA 3.0, greyscale
2
JapanEastern Asia
2nd of 182 · 4 of 4 keys
Photo: JurriaanH · CC BY-SA 3.0, greyscale
3
South KoreaEastern Asia
3rd of 182 · 4 of 4 keys
Photo: Unknown author · CC BY-SA 2.0, greyscale
Placed highest nearby
Highest in Europe
Iceland1st4/4 keysHighest in Southern Europe
Slovenia18th4/4 keysThis page
Greece127th4/4 keys
Positions out of 182 placed on the topic. A country needs readings on enough keys to be placed, and the top of the list is often held on fewer of them.
07Analysis
Charts and analysis about Greece and work & labour
On work & labour
Countries in Asia with the highest average salaries 2024
Thirteen Asian countries by gross average monthly wage, each carrying its WORLD rank rather than an Asian one — so the numbers skip, from 11th place to 45th.
On work & labour
Countries With The Highest Average Salaries in 2024
The ten highest-paying countries of 2024, their bars coloured by continent, and six more added for comparison — from Australia in 13th place to India in 85th.
On work & labour
Countries With The Lowest Average Salaries in 2024
The bottom ten of 196 countries, and six more added for comparison. Niger, Madagascar and Liberia are all published at US$47 a month and still carry three different ranks.
08Questions
Greece on work & labour: questions answered
Every answer is built from the numbers on this page, so none can say something the page does not.
How does Greece rank on work & labour?
Greece is placed 127th of 182 countries on Work & Labour in the Country Index 2026, from 4 of its 4 key statistics (Employment-to-Population Ratio, Labour Income Share, Unemployment Rate and Vulnerable Employment). The position is this site’s ordering of published statistics, not a rank any publisher printed.
What is the latest Employment-to-Population Ratio figure for Greece?
47.52 in 2025 (employed share of the population aged 15+ (%)), according to International Labour Organization (ILO). The world median in the same edition was 57.72.
What is the latest Labour Income Share figure for Greece?
51.3 in 2025 (labour income share of GDP (%)), according to International Labour Organization (ILO). The world median in the same edition was 46.23.
How does Greece compare with Türkiye on work & labour?
Türkiye is placed 151st of 182, and Greece 127th. Employment-to-Population Ratio: Türkiye 49.75, Greece 47.52; Labour Income Share: Türkiye 41.13, Greece 51.3; Unemployment Rate: Türkiye 8.52, Greece 8.54; Vulnerable Employment: Türkiye 23.91, Greece 23.06.
How have Greece’s work & labour figures changed?
Employment-to-Population Ratio rose from 45.6 in 2000 to 47.52 in 2025; Labour Income Share fell from 54.47 in 2004 to 51.3 in 2025; Unemployment Rate fell from 11.35 in 2000 to 8.54 in 2025; Vulnerable Employment fell from 29.18 in 2000 to 23.06 in 2025.
Which work & labour statistics are missing for Greece?
No current reading is published for Greece on Labour Inspectors per 10,000 Employed Persons and Working Poverty Rate. They are listed rather than hidden, so the evidence on the page can be checked against it.
09Method
Method, sources and how to cite
What this topic does not measure
Wages in money terms are not a key here, because pay figures are hard to compare fairly across countries with very different prices. Labour productivity, working hours, youth unemployment and the balance between farming, industry and services are published on this page as context. The size and growth of the wider economy belong to Economy & Innovation.
How the Work & Labour standing is decided
A standing is this site’s ordering, named with its edition — never a publisher’s rank. 4 key statistics vote, one vote each; every country’s published value becomes a place within that key’s own field, the places are averaged, and the average is never published. A country needs 2 of the 4 keys to be placed.
The work & labour method, step by stepHow every standing on this site is built
The key statistics and their licences
- Employment-to-Population Ratio — International Labour Organization (ILO), CC BY 4.0
- Labour Income Share — International Labour Organization (ILO), CC BY 4.0
- Unemployment Rate — International Labour Organization (ILO), CC BY 4.0
- Vulnerable Employment — International Labour Organization (ILO), CC BY 4.0
The other 32 statistics on this page come from 2 publishers, each named beside its numbers, with every edition and licence on the datasets pages.
The standing itself is part of the Country Index 2026, published under CC BY-SA 4.0.
Photographs
Greece’s banner and the countries placed highest, from their profiles: Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale, each used under the licence named.
- Greece (banner) — User:Ggia derivative work: Jjtkk, CC BY-SA 3.0
- Iceland — Hansueli Krapf, CC BY-SA 3.0
- Japan — JurriaanH, CC BY-SA 3.0
- South Korea — Unknown author, CC BY-SA 2.0
Cite this page
Nations Inquiry (2026). Greece: Work & Labour — standing and statistics, Country Index 2026. https://nationsinquiry.com/countries/greece/work