Independent rankings built from public data — every figure traceable to the body that published it.
Report year 2013Data year 2013
Electoral democracy index (0–1)Higher is better — rank 1 leadsPublished by V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg
36 reference years (1990–2025), covering 168 to 176 countries. The headline column is V-Dem’s Electoral Democracy Index (v2x_polyarchy), its flagship measure of how far rulers are made responsive to citizens through elections; the liberal, participatory, deliberative and egalitarian indices are stored beside it, all on a 0–1 scale. ⚠ V-Dem’s data actually runs back to 1789, and the series is cut at 1990 deliberately: the deep history is populated by entities that no longer exist (Baden, the Papal States, Piedmont-Sardinia), and every row here keys to a present-day country. ⚠ Five entities from 1990 on are excluded for the same reason - three sub-state units V-Dem scores separately (Palestine/Gaza, Palestine/West Bank and Zanzibar) and two states that dissolved in 1990 (the German Democratic Republic and South Yemen). ⚠ V-Dem publishes no rank, so none is stored; the POSITION shown on the statistics page is derived here by ordering the score, and labelled as ours.
V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index 2013 — V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg
Cite as: Coppedge, M. et al. V-Dem Country-Year Dataset v16. Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project, University of Gothenburg.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
V-Dem's five headline democracy indices for 2013, from the Country-Year Core dataset (v16). The headline column is the Electoral Democracy Index (v2x_polyarchy), V-Dem's flagship measure of how far rulers are made responsive to citizens through elections; the liberal, participatory, deliberative and egalitarian indices are stored beside it. V-Dem publishes no rank, so none is stored and none is derived.
176 rows × 7 columns · imported from the publisher’s published data file on
Select any column heading to sort by it; select it again to reverse.
| Country | ISO Code | Electoral democracy (0–1) | Liberal democracy (0–1) | Participatory democracy (0–1) | Deliberative democracy (0–1) | Egalitarian democracy (0–1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denmark | DNK | 0.921 | 0.895 | 0.711 | 0.881 | 0.885 |
| Sweden | SWE | 0.916 | 0.885 | 0.670 | 0.868 | 0.859 |
| Uruguay | URY | 0.910 | 0.843 | 0.777 | 0.855 | 0.813 |
| Costa Rica | CRI | 0.907 | 0.853 | 0.691 | 0.858 | 0.815 |
| Switzerland | CHE | 0.907 | 0.861 | 0.808 | 0.877 | 0.840 |
| United States of America | USA | 0.905 | 0.852 | 0.657 | 0.865 | 0.734 |
| Belgium | BEL | 0.902 | 0.839 | 0.651 | 0.820 | 0.835 |
| Norway | NOR | 0.897 | 0.863 | 0.648 | 0.870 | 0.852 |
| Ireland | IRL | 0.895 | 0.823 | 0.645 | 0.784 | 0.779 |
| Chile | CHL | 0.894 | 0.846 | 0.580 | 0.794 | 0.672 |
| Germany | DEU | 0.892 | 0.853 | 0.647 | 0.860 | 0.835 |
| Finland | FIN | 0.891 | 0.858 | 0.627 | 0.829 | 0.828 |
| France | FRA | 0.890 | 0.822 | 0.648 | 0.828 | 0.806 |
| Poland | POL | 0.890 | 0.821 | 0.638 | 0.748 | 0.801 |
| Greece | GRC | 0.889 | 0.801 | 0.610 | 0.807 | 0.791 |
| New Zealand | NZL | 0.887 | 0.832 | 0.690 | 0.767 | 0.783 |
| Portugal | PRT | 0.886 | 0.829 | 0.638 | 0.807 | 0.790 |
| Estonia | EST | 0.883 | 0.834 | 0.630 | 0.791 | 0.788 |
| Netherlands | NLD | 0.878 | 0.830 | 0.609 | 0.814 | 0.806 |
| Austria | AUT | 0.875 | 0.807 | 0.661 | 0.798 | 0.772 |
| Spain | ESP | 0.875 | 0.778 | 0.626 | 0.757 | 0.766 |
| Brazil | BRA | 0.873 | 0.781 | 0.633 | 0.814 | 0.626 |
| Luxembourg | LUX | 0.873 | 0.792 | 0.627 | 0.826 | 0.822 |
| Italy | ITA | 0.864 | 0.786 | 0.677 | 0.802 | 0.786 |
| United Kingdom | GBR | 0.864 | 0.796 | 0.637 | 0.731 | 0.735 |
| Czechia | CZE | 0.863 | 0.779 | 0.585 | 0.703 | 0.785 |
| Australia | AUS | 0.862 | 0.821 | 0.599 | 0.789 | 0.757 |
| Iceland | ISL | 0.858 | 0.775 | 0.636 | 0.709 | 0.800 |
| Slovenia | SVN | 0.854 | 0.778 | 0.685 | 0.720 | 0.771 |
| Cyprus | CYP | 0.847 | 0.732 | 0.578 | 0.718 | 0.727 |
| Slovakia | SVK | 0.835 | 0.730 | 0.643 | 0.655 | 0.674 |
| Latvia | LVA | 0.830 | 0.743 | 0.660 | 0.714 | 0.718 |
| Croatia | HRV | 0.828 | 0.710 | 0.613 | 0.652 | 0.671 |
| Lithuania | LTU | 0.826 | 0.771 | 0.590 | 0.717 | 0.741 |
| Peru | PER | 0.821 | 0.689 | 0.590 | 0.646 | 0.507 |
| Canada | CAN | 0.817 | 0.742 | 0.551 | 0.694 | 0.678 |
| Japan | JPN | 0.815 | 0.741 | 0.533 | 0.725 | 0.734 |
| Taiwan | TWN | 0.803 | 0.684 | 0.612 | 0.666 | 0.708 |
| Jamaica | JAM | 0.798 | 0.679 | 0.535 | 0.678 | 0.601 |
| Cape Verde | CPV | 0.794 | 0.708 | 0.472 | 0.646 | 0.644 |
| Malta | MLT | 0.793 | 0.597 | 0.542 | 0.646 | 0.693 |
| Barbados | BRB | 0.781 | 0.664 | 0.339 | 0.686 | 0.653 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | TTO | 0.777 | 0.665 | 0.496 | 0.638 | 0.635 |
| Argentina | ARG | 0.772 | 0.588 | 0.519 | 0.564 | 0.607 |
| South Africa | ZAF | 0.765 | 0.650 | 0.509 | 0.640 | 0.528 |
| Tunisia | TUN | 0.761 | 0.635 | 0.444 | 0.689 | 0.614 |
| Ghana | GHA | 0.750 | 0.635 | 0.376 | 0.632 | 0.551 |
| Suriname | SUR | 0.750 | 0.627 | 0.471 | 0.602 | 0.559 |
| Panama | PAN | 0.748 | 0.547 | 0.474 | 0.627 | 0.491 |
| Vanuatu | VUT | 0.745 | 0.626 | 0.450 | 0.582 | 0.594 |
| Hungary | HUN | 0.738 | 0.575 | 0.499 | 0.430 | 0.561 |
| Mauritius | MUS | 0.738 | 0.642 | 0.475 | 0.638 | 0.598 |
| Israel | ISR | 0.734 | 0.655 | 0.467 | 0.593 | 0.598 |
| Senegal | SEN | 0.722 | 0.585 | 0.444 | 0.617 | 0.544 |
| South Korea | KOR | 0.716 | 0.609 | 0.472 | 0.567 | 0.604 |
| Botswana | BWA | 0.713 | 0.609 | 0.457 | 0.560 | 0.515 |
| Mongolia | MNG | 0.684 | 0.557 | 0.399 | 0.564 | 0.522 |
| Romania | ROU | 0.672 | 0.563 | 0.470 | 0.462 | 0.524 |
| Colombia | COL | 0.669 | 0.537 | 0.455 | 0.540 | 0.404 |
| Indonesia | IDN | 0.668 | 0.520 | 0.452 | 0.574 | 0.427 |
| Timor-Leste | TLS | 0.661 | 0.501 | 0.372 | 0.454 | 0.412 |
| Bolivia | BOL | 0.658 | 0.396 | 0.520 | 0.499 | 0.449 |
| Bulgaria | BGR | 0.657 | 0.542 | 0.460 | 0.529 | 0.511 |
| Sao Tome and Principe | STP | 0.655 | 0.547 | 0.402 | 0.459 | 0.459 |
| India | IND | 0.650 | 0.522 | 0.425 | 0.572 | 0.407 |
| Namibia | NAM | 0.650 | 0.536 | 0.407 | 0.514 | 0.431 |
| Moldova | MDA | 0.638 | 0.530 | 0.421 | 0.495 | 0.475 |
| Niger | NER | 0.629 | 0.501 | 0.458 | 0.561 | 0.422 |
| El Salvador | SLV | 0.626 | 0.437 | 0.392 | 0.429 | 0.300 |
| Georgia | GEO | 0.623 | 0.456 | 0.398 | 0.478 | 0.491 |
| Mexico | MEX | 0.623 | 0.420 | 0.376 | 0.499 | 0.317 |
| Lesotho | LSO | 0.619 | 0.477 | 0.374 | 0.454 | 0.503 |
| Liberia | LBR | 0.618 | 0.456 | 0.345 | 0.529 | 0.398 |
| Guyana | GUY | 0.608 | 0.386 | 0.373 | 0.350 | 0.424 |
| Benin | BEN | 0.603 | 0.482 | 0.384 | 0.520 | 0.467 |
| Dominican Republic | DOM | 0.600 | 0.354 | 0.381 | 0.449 | 0.324 |
| Burkina Faso | BFA | 0.598 | 0.405 | 0.349 | 0.469 | 0.378 |
| Paraguay | PRY | 0.585 | 0.407 | 0.368 | 0.320 | 0.229 |
| Solomon Islands | SLB | 0.582 | 0.447 | 0.341 | 0.367 | 0.337 |
| Guatemala | GTM | 0.574 | 0.410 | 0.334 | 0.367 | 0.243 |
| Bhutan | BTN | 0.573 | 0.482 | 0.356 | 0.483 | 0.472 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | BIH | 0.560 | 0.369 | 0.326 | 0.405 | 0.395 |
| Malawi | MWI | 0.560 | 0.439 | 0.286 | 0.450 | 0.341 |
| Libya | LBY | 0.540 | 0.300 | 0.315 | 0.400 | 0.306 |
| Ecuador | ECU | 0.538 | 0.265 | 0.367 | 0.359 | 0.378 |
| Kenya | KEN | 0.524 | 0.413 | 0.366 | 0.426 | 0.324 |
| Albania | ALB | 0.523 | 0.433 | 0.316 | 0.271 | 0.380 |
| Philippines | PHL | 0.521 | 0.408 | 0.360 | 0.469 | 0.269 |
| Nigeria | NGA | 0.520 | 0.381 | 0.350 | 0.409 | 0.295 |
| Kosovo | XKX | 0.519 | 0.364 | 0.293 | 0.341 | 0.349 |
| Sierra Leone | SLE | 0.514 | 0.318 | 0.340 | 0.374 | 0.300 |
| Serbia | SRB | 0.502 | 0.401 | 0.334 | 0.357 | 0.386 |
| Montenegro | MNE | 0.494 | 0.394 | 0.328 | 0.399 | 0.401 |
| Seychelles | SYC | 0.491 | 0.396 | 0.196 | 0.366 | 0.398 |
| Lebanon | LBN | 0.486 | 0.301 | 0.267 | 0.366 | 0.304 |
| Zambia | ZMB | 0.485 | 0.391 | 0.309 | 0.286 | 0.310 |
| Pakistan | PAK | 0.470 | 0.285 | 0.300 | 0.311 | 0.155 |
| Tanzania | TZA | 0.470 | 0.396 | 0.302 | 0.384 | 0.345 |
| Türkiye | TUR | 0.469 | 0.289 | 0.312 | 0.209 | 0.338 |
| Comoros | COM | 0.467 | 0.278 | 0.305 | 0.321 | 0.312 |
| Ivory Coast | CIV | 0.465 | 0.295 | 0.308 | 0.395 | 0.293 |
| Ukraine | UKR | 0.459 | 0.251 | 0.282 | 0.284 | 0.323 |
| Maldives | MDV | 0.453 | 0.238 | 0.287 | 0.277 | 0.299 |
| North Macedonia | MKD | 0.448 | 0.287 | 0.304 | 0.255 | 0.311 |
| Papua New Guinea | PNG | 0.448 | 0.348 | 0.270 | 0.261 | 0.250 |
| Kyrgyzstan | KGZ | 0.447 | 0.316 | 0.271 | 0.369 | 0.307 |
| Thailand | THA | 0.446 | 0.352 | 0.210 | 0.377 | 0.269 |
| Mozambique | MOZ | 0.437 | 0.301 | 0.268 | 0.293 | 0.288 |
| Haiti | HTI | 0.434 | 0.262 | 0.255 | 0.275 | 0.137 |
| Togo | TGO | 0.432 | 0.238 | 0.171 | 0.352 | 0.322 |
| Sri Lanka | LKA | 0.418 | 0.268 | 0.249 | 0.217 | 0.287 |
| Mauritania | MRT | 0.416 | 0.174 | 0.173 | 0.251 | 0.175 |
| Iraq | IRQ | 0.414 | 0.238 | 0.276 | 0.267 | 0.213 |
| Singapore | SGP | 0.414 | 0.330 | 0.111 | 0.352 | 0.366 |
| Honduras | HND | 0.413 | 0.255 | 0.271 | 0.295 | 0.158 |
| Somaliland | XSL | 0.402 | 0.248 | 0.250 | 0.267 | 0.158 |
| Bangladesh | BGD | 0.376 | 0.144 | 0.152 | 0.171 | 0.162 |
| Gabon | GAB | 0.375 | 0.223 | 0.264 | 0.327 | 0.294 |
| Hong Kong | HKG | 0.358 | 0.314 | 0.135 | 0.286 | 0.311 |
| Burma/Myanmar | MMR | 0.355 | 0.157 | 0.203 | 0.234 | 0.178 |
| Armenia | ARM | 0.349 | 0.206 | 0.185 | 0.220 | 0.284 |
| Afghanistan | AFG | 0.345 | 0.194 | 0.143 | 0.284 | 0.197 |
| Yemen | YEM | 0.336 | 0.148 | 0.153 | 0.285 | 0.121 |
| Mali | MLI | 0.328 | 0.194 | 0.225 | 0.309 | 0.239 |
| Algeria | DZA | 0.327 | 0.171 | 0.123 | 0.235 | 0.266 |
| Venezuela | VEN | 0.327 | 0.109 | 0.230 | 0.099 | 0.226 |
| Guinea | GIN | 0.322 | 0.117 | 0.228 | 0.132 | 0.198 |
| Malaysia | MYS | 0.321 | 0.206 | 0.231 | 0.242 | 0.225 |
| Cameroon | CMR | 0.319 | 0.150 | 0.166 | 0.143 | 0.196 |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | COD | 0.319 | 0.124 | 0.207 | 0.175 | 0.186 |
| Nicaragua | NIC | 0.319 | 0.125 | 0.190 | 0.139 | 0.173 |
| Uganda | UGA | 0.312 | 0.230 | 0.225 | 0.271 | 0.196 |
| Kuwait | KWT | 0.311 | 0.278 | 0.107 | 0.299 | 0.243 |
| Cambodia | KHM | 0.297 | 0.114 | 0.120 | 0.148 | 0.115 |
| Angola | AGO | 0.290 | 0.122 | 0.066 | 0.117 | 0.099 |
| Zimbabwe | ZWE | 0.289 | 0.209 | 0.233 | 0.221 | 0.190 |
| Guinea-Bissau | GNB | 0.288 | 0.195 | 0.139 | 0.126 | 0.188 |
| Nepal | NPL | 0.280 | 0.191 | 0.153 | 0.230 | 0.230 |
| Burundi | BDI | 0.278 | 0.109 | 0.197 | 0.152 | 0.157 |
| Chad | TCD | 0.277 | 0.093 | 0.128 | 0.121 | 0.097 |
| Russia | RUS | 0.276 | 0.116 | 0.163 | 0.186 | 0.213 |
| Central African Republic | CAF | 0.272 | 0.150 | 0.111 | 0.058 | 0.156 |
| Morocco | MAR | 0.269 | 0.230 | 0.165 | 0.264 | 0.185 |
| Jordan | JOR | 0.255 | 0.220 | 0.109 | 0.220 | 0.197 |
| Republic of the Congo | COG | 0.249 | 0.101 | 0.127 | 0.162 | 0.103 |
| Madagascar | MDG | 0.246 | 0.125 | 0.178 | 0.084 | 0.126 |
| Djibouti | DJI | 0.244 | 0.114 | 0.132 | 0.138 | 0.156 |
| Belarus | BLR | 0.242 | 0.099 | 0.084 | 0.084 | 0.276 |
| The Gambia | GMB | 0.241 | 0.105 | 0.141 | 0.086 | 0.171 |
| Kazakhstan | KAZ | 0.229 | 0.109 | 0.073 | 0.109 | 0.178 |
| Ethiopia | ETH | 0.223 | 0.104 | 0.093 | 0.146 | 0.146 |
| Rwanda | RWA | 0.221 | 0.136 | 0.188 | 0.195 | 0.223 |
| Sudan | SDN | 0.212 | 0.063 | 0.088 | 0.059 | 0.057 |
| Tajikistan | TJK | 0.206 | 0.053 | 0.057 | 0.073 | 0.102 |
| Azerbaijan | AZE | 0.202 | 0.067 | 0.071 | 0.061 | 0.145 |
| Egypt | EGY | 0.187 | 0.097 | 0.074 | 0.167 | 0.087 |
| Equatorial Guinea | GNQ | 0.177 | 0.052 | 0.055 | 0.060 | 0.101 |
| Iran | IRN | 0.174 | 0.129 | 0.043 | 0.169 | 0.171 |
| Oman | OMN | 0.171 | 0.139 | 0.123 | 0.068 | 0.181 |
| South Sudan | SSD | 0.169 | 0.075 | 0.073 | 0.056 | 0.039 |
| Cuba | CUB | 0.168 | 0.057 | 0.044 | 0.089 | 0.237 |
| Uzbekistan | UZB | 0.166 | 0.037 | 0.040 | 0.035 | 0.132 |
| Bahrain | BHR | 0.162 | 0.051 | 0.049 | 0.057 | 0.124 |
| Somalia | SOM | 0.162 | 0.118 | 0.087 | 0.150 | 0.056 |
| Vietnam | VNM | 0.147 | 0.113 | 0.166 | 0.178 | 0.200 |
| Turkmenistan | TKM | 0.144 | 0.024 | 0.031 | 0.031 | 0.085 |
| Fiji | FJI | 0.140 | 0.114 | 0.087 | 0.152 | 0.157 |
| Syria | SYR | 0.136 | 0.024 | 0.046 | 0.017 | 0.070 |
| Eswatini | SWZ | 0.130 | 0.097 | 0.120 | 0.089 | 0.092 |
| Laos | LAO | 0.091 | 0.090 | 0.096 | 0.046 | 0.099 |
| United Arab Emirates | ARE | 0.091 | 0.087 | 0.025 | 0.085 | 0.133 |
| China | CHN | 0.086 | 0.053 | 0.042 | 0.152 | 0.097 |
| North Korea | PRK | 0.086 | 0.014 | 0.044 | 0.009 | 0.088 |
| Eritrea | ERI | 0.070 | 0.006 | 0.010 | 0.022 | 0.150 |
| Qatar | QAT | 0.042 | 0.089 | 0.025 | 0.090 | 0.114 |
| Saudi Arabia | SAU | 0.018 | 0.046 | 0.022 | 0.052 | 0.103 |