Photo: Michal Osmenda from Brussels, Belgium · CC BY-SA 2.0 · via Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale
Topic 14 of 18 · Country Index 2026
Luxembourg: Poverty & Inequality
How is a country’s income shared, and how many live below a line?
Luxembourg is placed 21st of 159 countries on poverty & inequality in the Country Index 2026, from 3 of its 3 key statistics. Readings behind it: Gini Index 33.59 (2023); Poverty Gap at $3.00 a Day 0.03 (2023).
Share
Poverty & Inequality
21st
of 159 countries placed
Placed from 3 of 3 key statistics
01The evidence
The 3 key statistics that decide it
Only these place Luxembourg on poverty & inequality — one vote each. Every value is the publisher’s own, read at the edition the Country Index 2026 used — or, for a survey-based key, each country’s latest reading; the grey ticks are every other country it was compared with, lowest on the left.
Key 1 of 3
Gini Index
World Bank Group
Latest reading per country, 2013–2023 · Luxembourg’s is from 2023 · CC BY 4.0
33.59
Gini index (0 = perfect equality, 100 = perfect inequality)
Lower is better
Luxembourg: 33.59. Across the 159 countries at their latest reading, values run from 23 (India) to 59.07 (Namibia); the world median is 33.72.
- World median
- 33.72
- Best in Western Europe
- 25.74 Netherlands
- Land neighbours
- Belgium 26.82 · Germany 33.66 · France 31.81
Key 2 of 3
Poverty Gap at $3.00 a Day
World Bank Group
Latest reading per country, 2013–2023 · Luxembourg’s is from 2023 · CC BY 4.0
0.03
Poverty gap at $3.00 a day, 2021 PPP (%)
Lower is better
Luxembourg: 0.03. Across the 159 countries at their latest reading, values run from 0 (Czechia) to 48.69 (DR Congo); the world median is 0.345.
- World median
- 0.345
- Best in Western Europe
- 0.03 Luxembourg and Switzerland
- Land neighbours
- Belgium 0.04 · Germany 0.56 · France 0.05
Key 3 of 3
Share of Population Unable to Afford a Healthy Diet
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
2025 edition · data for 2025 · CC BY 4.0
0.9
Share of the population unable to afford a healthy diet (%)
Lower is better
Luxembourg: 0.9. Across the 145 countries in this edition, values run from 0.6 (Belarus) to 93.9 (South Sudan); the world median is 26.4.
- World median
- 26.4
- Best in Western Europe
- 0.9 Belgium and Luxembourg
- Land neighbours
- Belgium 0.9 · Germany 5.3 · France 3.5
02Over time
Which way Luxembourg is moving
Each key’s published value, edition by edition, beside the world median. The Country Index 2026 is the first edition of the standing, so the standing itself has no history to chart yet.
Gini Index
Gini index (0 = perfect equality, 100 = perfect inequality) · lower is better
LuxembourgWorld median
Luxembourg rose from 31.07 in 2002 to 33.59 in 2023; the world median went from 37.14 to 33.72.
Every year’s figures
Year Luxembourg World median 2023 33.59 33.72 2022 34.09 33.91 2021 32.72 34.04 2020 33.37 34.18 2019 34.24 33.51 2018 35.37 35.25 2017 34.52 34.86 2016 31.73 34.47 2015 32.92 35.52 2014 31.16 34.79 2013 32.04 36.16 2012 34.35 35.40 2011 32.05 33.96 2010 30.50 33.71 2009 31.20 34.91 2008 32.56 34.60 2007 31.13 34.26 2006 30.95 35.63 2005 30.84 36.28 2004 30.17 34.29 2003 30.19 35.46 2002 31.07 37.14 Poverty Gap at $3.00 a Day
Poverty gap at $3.00 a day, 2021 PPP (%) · lower is better
LuxembourgWorld median
Luxembourg rose from 0 in 2002 to 0.03 in 2023; the world median went from 3.01 to 0.345.
Every year’s figures
Year Luxembourg World median 2023 0.0300 0.345 2022 0.0500 0.420 2021 0.0400 0.335 2020 0.0000 0.280 2019 0.0900 0.380 2018 0.1500 0.460 2017 0.1900 0.300 2016 0.0700 0.440 2015 0.2200 0.500 2014 0.1200 0.635 2013 0.0700 0.515 2012 0.0300 0.640 2011 0.0700 0.430 2010 0.0000 0.530 2009 0.0300 0.600 2008 0.0000 0.350 2007 0.0100 0.360 2006 0.0003 0.465 2005 0.0200 1.250 2004 0.0100 0.790 2003 0.0500 1.650 2002 0.0000 3.010 Share of Population Unable to Afford a Healthy Diet
Share of the population unable to afford a healthy diet (%) · lower is better
LuxembourgWorld median
Luxembourg fell from 3 in 2017 to 0.9 in 2025; the world median went from 32.4 to 26.4.
Every year’s figures
Year Luxembourg World median 2025 0.9 26.40 2024 0.9 27.10 2023 0.8 27.15 2022 1.2 27.90 2021 2.3 29.65 2020 0.8 31.80 2019 1.4 29.05 2018 2.4 29.85 2017 3.0 32.40
03In context
Luxembourg beside its neighbours
A position reads best beside the countries around it. Every position below is a place among all 159 countries on poverty & inequality, never a place within the region.
Luxembourg and the countries it borders
Standing among all 159; the key columns are the publishers’ own values.
| Country | Standing | Gini IndexGini index (0 = perfect equality, 100 = perfect inequality) | Poverty Gap at $3.00 a DayPoverty gap at $3.00 a day, 2021 PPP (%) | Share of Population Unable to Afford a Healthy DietShare of the population unable to afford a healthy diet (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Belgium | 6th | 26.82 | 0.04 | 0.9 |
| Luxembourg | 21st | 33.59 | 0.03 | 0.9 |
 France | 23rd | 31.81 | 0.05 | 3.5 |
 Germany | 53rd | 33.66 | 0.56 | 5.3 |
“—”: no published reading in that edition. What a standing is
Across Western Europe
Every country in the sub-region, by its place among all 159.
Placed either side on poverty & inequality
The countries immediately above and below Luxembourg in the topic’s list.
04Context, no vote
Where Luxembourg is ahead of the world, and behind
25 more statistics filed under poverty & inequality, published in full and deliberately given no vote in the standing. Select a row for the publisher, the rank and the links.
Ahead of the world median20
Statistics on which Luxembourg does better than the middle country measured.
Median Daily Income or Consumption per PersonWorld Bank Group · 2023 · world median 22.7689.4922.76No real change since 2013
Luxembourg: 89.49 · world median 22.76 · Median income or consumption per person, 2021 PPP dollars a day. World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 2.803 to 89.49; higher is better.
Position 1st of 60 · derived.
Prosperity GapWorld Bank Group · 2023 · world median 1.7540.4061.754▲ Improved since 2013
Luxembourg: 0.406 · world median 1.754 · Average factor incomes must rise by to reach $28 a day. World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.406 to 12.06; lower is better.
Position 60th of 60 · derived, 1st = worst.
Actual Individual Consumption per Capita (PPP)World Bank Group · 2021 · world median 12,80047,41912,800No real change since 2017
Luxembourg: 47,419 · world median 12,800 · Actual individual consumption per capita (PPP, current international $). World Bank Group, 2021 edition, data for 2021.
Published values in that edition run from 688.7 to 52,654; higher is better.
Position 2nd of 173 · derived.
Poverty Headcount Ratio at $8.30 a DayWorld Bank Group · 2023 · world median 7.820.217.82▲ Improved since 2013
Luxembourg: 0.21 · world median 7.82 · Population below $8.30 a day, 2021 PPP (%). World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.07 to 93.58; lower is better.
Position 58th of 59 · derived, 1st = worst.
Prevalence of Moderate or Severe Food InsecurityFAO · 2024 · world median 20.92.620.9No real change since 2015
Luxembourg: 2.6 · world median 20.9 · Population in moderate or severe food insecurity (%). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 1 to 88.8; lower is better.
Position 129th of 135 · derived, 1st = worst.
Exclusion by Socio-Economic GroupV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2023 · world median 0.4130.0240.413▲ Improved since 2013
Luxembourg: 0.024 · world median 0.413 · Exclusion by socio-economic group index (0–1; higher = more exclusion). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.014 to 0.969; lower is better.
Position 167th of 174 · derived, 1st = worst.
Coefficient of Variation of Habitual Caloric ConsumptionFAO · 2024 · world median 0.250.20.25▲ Improved since 2014
Luxembourg: 0.2 · world median 0.25 · Coefficient of variation of habitual calorie consumption across the population (standard deviation ÷ mean). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0.17 to 0.4; lower is better.
Poverty Headcount Ratio at $4.20 a DayWorld Bank Group · 2023 · world median 1.340.111.34▼ Worsened since 2013
Luxembourg: 0.11 · world median 1.34 · Population below $4.20 a day, 2021 PPP (%). World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.02 to 72.3; lower is better.
Position 53rd of 59 · derived, 1st = worst.
Poverty Severity (Squared Poverty Gap) at $3.00 a DayWorld Bank Group · 2023 · world median 0.1850.020.185▲ Improved since 2013
Luxembourg: 0.02 · world median 0.185 · Squared poverty gap at $3.00 a day, 2021 PPP (0–100). World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 9.74; lower is better.
Poverty Headcount Ratio at $3.00 a DayWorld Bank Group · 2023 · world median 0.930.090.93No real change since 2013
Luxembourg: 0.09 · world median 0.93 · Population below $3.00 a day, 2021 PPP (%). World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 54.36; lower is better.
Position 51st of 58 · derived, 1st = worst.
Inequality-adjusted Human Development IndexUNDP Human Development Report Office · 2023 · world median 0.6090.8380.609▼ Worsened since 2013
Luxembourg: 0.838 · world median 0.609 · IHDI (0–1). UNDP Human Development Report Office, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.226 to 0.923; higher is better.
Position 25th of 169 · derived.
Poverty Headcount at $3.00 a Day, Line-up EstimatesWorld Bank Group · 2024 · world median 2.10.082.1No real change since 2014
Luxembourg: 0.08 · world median 2.1 · Population below $3.00 a day, 2021 PPP, World Bank line-up estimate (%). World Bank Group, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 89.54; lower is better.
Low Pay RateILO · 2024 · world median 17.8911.4217.89▼ Worsened since 2014
Luxembourg: 11.42 · world median 17.89 · Employees paid less than two-thirds of the median hourly earnings (%). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 3.395 to 41.69; lower is better.
Position 58th of 71 · derived, 1st = worst.
Gini Index of Disposable Income (SWIID)Frederick Solt, University of Iowa · 2023 · world median 3328.833▼ Worsened since 2013
Luxembourg: 28.8 · world median 33 · Gini index of disposable household income (0–100), SWIID estimate. Frederick Solt, University of Iowa, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 22.3 to 51.2; lower is better.
Position 63rd of 79 · derived, 1st = worst.
Coefficient of Human InequalityUNDP Human Development Report Office · 2023 · world median 17.058.89617.05▼ Worsened since 2013
Luxembourg: 8.896 · world median 17.05 · Coefficient of Human Inequality (%). UNDP Human Development Report Office, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 4.865 to 43.08; lower is better.
Position 132nd of 169 · derived, 1st = worst.
Societal Poverty RateWorld Bank Group · 2023 · world median 17.214.9917.2▼ Worsened since 2013
Luxembourg: 14.99 · world median 17.2 · Population below the societal poverty line, 2021 PPP (%). World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 7 to 54.36; lower is better.
Position 39th of 60 · derived, 1st = worst.
Income Share Held by Richest 10%World Bank Group · 2023 · world median 26.1825.0226.18▼ Worsened since 2013
Luxembourg: 25.02 · world median 26.18 · Share of national income or consumption held by the richest tenth (%). World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 18.79 to 43.08; lower is better.
Position 37th of 60 · derived, 1st = worst.
Palma RatioWorld Bank Group · 2023 · world median 1.3321.3091.332▼ Worsened since 2013
Luxembourg: 1.309 · world median 1.332 · Palma ratio (income share of the richest 10% ÷ share of the poorest 40%). World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.771 to 4.193; lower is better.
Position 34th of 60 · derived, 1st = worst.
Income Growth of the Poorest 40%World Bank Group · 2024 · world median 1.8412.3281.841▲ Improved since 2015
Luxembourg: 2.328 · world median 1.841 · Annualized growth in real income or consumption per person of the bottom 40% (%). World Bank Group, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from -4.185 to 14.51; higher is better.
Multidimensional Poverty MeasureWorld Bank Group · 2025 · world median 4.2523.3274.252No earlier reading
Luxembourg: 3.327 · world median 4.252 · Multidimensional poverty headcount ratio (%). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 87.96; lower is better.
Position 83rd of 157 · derived, 1st = worst.
Behind the world median2
Statistics on which Luxembourg does worse than the middle country measured.
Income Share Held by Lowest 20%World Bank Group · 2023 · world median 7.127.097.12▼ Worsened since 2013
Luxembourg: 7.09 · world median 7.12 · Share of national income held by the poorest fifth (%). World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 3.24 to 11.07; higher is better.
Position 31st of 60 · derived.
Gini Index of Monthly EarningsILO · 2024 · world median 0.3370.3440.337▼ Worsened since 2014
Luxembourg: 0.344 · world median 0.337 · Gini index of employees’ monthly earnings (0 = all paid the same, 1 = maximum inequality). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0.182 to 0.643; lower is better.
Position 31st of 75 · derived, 1st = worst.
No better end3
These describe the shape of a country — more is not better or worse, only different — so they are never ahead or behind.
Poverty Headcount at National Poverty LinesWorld Bank Group · 2025 · world median 21.817.321.8No earlier reading
Luxembourg: 17.3 · world median 21.8 · Population below the national poverty line (%). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 82.3.
Catastrophic Out-of-Pocket Health SpendingWorld Bank Group · 2019 · world median 6.883.3846.88No earlier reading
Luxembourg: 3.384 · world median 6.88 · Population in households spending more than 10% of their budget on health out of pocket (%). World Bank Group, 2019 edition, data for 2019.
Published values in that edition run from 0.133 to 31.21.
Cost of a Healthy DietFAO · 2025 · world median 4.553.734.55Moved since 2017
Luxembourg: 3.73 · world median 4.55 · Cost of the cheapest locally available healthy diet, PPP dollars per person per day. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 2.66 to 8.27.
No current reading for Luxembourg
Adequacy of Social Protection and Labour Benefits, Global Multidimensional Poverty Index, Intergenerational Persistence in Education, Severe Child Food Poverty, Children Aged 6–23 Months, Wealth Parity Index, Lower Secondary Completion and Working Poverty Rate. Listed rather than hidden, so the page can be checked against it.
“Position · derived” is this site’s ordering of the published values, 1st = best unless the row says otherwise; the publisher ranks no country on it. Rank, position and standing
05Country Index 2026
Poverty & Inequality among Luxembourg’s 16 topics
Poverty & Inequality is Luxembourg’s 11th best-placed topic of 16. Strongest first, each marker at its share of that topic’s field.
- Risk & Resilience2nd of 1933/4 keys
- Health & Wellbeing4th of 2003/4 keys
- Food & Agriculture9th of 1844/4 keys
- Peace & Security9th of 1774/4 keys
- Democracy & Civil Liberties12th of 1984/4 keys
- Economy & Innovation12th of 1762/4 keys
- Governance & Institutions16th of 1944/4 keys
- Energy14th of 1653/3 keys
- Education & Knowledge17th of 1983/4 keys
- Development & Human Capital23rd of 1963/3 keys
- Poverty & Inequality21st of 1593/3 keys
- Digital & Technology31st of 1984/4 keys
- Mobility & Tradejoint 46th of 1772/4 keys
- Work & Labour49th of 1824/4 keys
- Gender & Equalityjoint 62nd of 1833/4 keys
- Environment & Sustainability135th of 1864/4 keys
06The top of the list
Who leads on poverty & inequality
The three countries placed highest of 159, and the leaders Luxembourg can most readily be measured against.
1
BelarusEastern Europe
1st of 159 · 3 of 3 keys
Photo: zedlik , cropped by Jjtkk · CC BY-SA 3.0, greyscale
2
SloveniaSouthern Europe
2nd of 159 · 3 of 3 keys
Photo: Z.K. derivative work: Jjtkk · CC BY 3.0, greyscale
=3
UkraineEastern Europe
Joint 3rd of 159 · 2 of 3 keys
Photo: uploaded by Chern038 · CC BY-SA 3.0, greyscale
Placed highest nearby
Highest in Europe
Belarus1st3/3 keysHighest in Western Europe
Netherlands5th3/3 keysThis page
Luxembourg21st3/3 keys
Positions out of 159 placed on the topic. A country needs readings on enough keys to be placed, and the top of the list is often held on fewer of them.
07Questions
Luxembourg on poverty & inequality: questions answered
Every answer is built from the numbers on this page, so none can say something the page does not.
How does Luxembourg rank on poverty & inequality?
Luxembourg is placed 21st of 159 countries on Poverty & Inequality in the Country Index 2026, from 3 of its 3 key statistics (Gini Index, Poverty Gap at $3.00 a Day and Share of Population Unable to Afford a Healthy Diet). The position is this site’s ordering of published statistics, not a rank any publisher printed.
What is the latest Gini Index figure for Luxembourg?
33.59 in 2023 (gini index (0 = perfect equality, 100 = perfect inequality)), according to World Bank Group. The world median in the same edition was 33.72.
What is the latest Poverty Gap at $3.00 a Day figure for Luxembourg?
0.03 in 2023 (poverty gap at $3.00 a day, 2021 PPP (%)), according to World Bank Group. The world median in the same edition was 0.345.
How does Luxembourg compare with Germany on poverty & inequality?
Germany is placed 53rd of 159, and Luxembourg 21st. Gini Index: Germany 33.66, Luxembourg 33.59; Poverty Gap at $3.00 a Day: Germany 0.56, Luxembourg 0.03; Share of Population Unable to Afford a Healthy Diet: Germany 5.3, Luxembourg 0.9.
How have Luxembourg’s poverty & inequality figures changed?
Gini Index rose from 31.07 in 2002 to 33.59 in 2023; Poverty Gap at $3.00 a Day rose from 0 in 2002 to 0.03 in 2023; Share of Population Unable to Afford a Healthy Diet fell from 3 in 2017 to 0.9 in 2025.
Which poverty & inequality statistics are missing for Luxembourg?
No current reading is published for Luxembourg on Adequacy of Social Protection and Labour Benefits, Global Multidimensional Poverty Index, Intergenerational Persistence in Education, Severe Child Food Poverty, Children Aged 6–23 Months, Wealth Parity Index, Lower Secondary Completion and Working Poverty Rate. They are listed rather than hidden, so the evidence on the page can be checked against it.
08Method
Method, sources and how to cite
What this topic does not measure
These figures come from household surveys, which most countries run every few years rather than every year. So the subject's standing is read from each country's most recent survey of the last decade, with the year of every reading shown, rather than from one year in which only a minority of countries were surveyed. Two readings decide it — how unequally income is shared and how deep extreme poverty runs — because the other poverty and inequality measures here largely repeat one of those two or repeat average income, which already counts under Economy and Development. Countries with no survey in the last decade have no standing here. What work pays is under Work & Labour; wealth, as opposed to income, has no global source this site is permitted to republish.
How the Poverty & Inequality standing is decided
A standing is this site’s ordering, named with its edition — never a publisher’s rank. 3 key statistics vote, one vote each; every country’s published value becomes a place within that key’s own field, the places are averaged, and the average is never published. A country needs 2 of the 3 keys to be placed.
The poverty & inequality method, step by stepHow every standing on this site is built
The key statistics and their licences
- Gini Index — World Bank Group, CC BY 4.0
- Poverty Gap at $3.00 a Day — World Bank Group, CC BY 4.0
- Share of Population Unable to Afford a Healthy Diet — Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), CC BY 4.0
The other 25 statistics on this page come from 6 publishers, each named beside its numbers, with every edition and licence on the datasets pages.
The standing itself is part of the Country Index 2026, published under CC BY-SA 4.0.
Photographs
Luxembourg’s banner and the countries placed highest, from their profiles: Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale, each used under the licence named.
- Luxembourg (banner) — Michal Osmenda from Brussels, Belgium, CC BY-SA 2.0
- Belarus — zedlik , cropped by Jjtkk, CC BY-SA 3.0
- Slovenia — Z.K. derivative work: Jjtkk, CC BY 3.0
- Ukraine — uploaded by Chern038, CC BY-SA 3.0
Cite this page
Nations Inquiry (2026). Luxembourg: Poverty & Inequality — standing and statistics, Country Index 2026. https://nationsinquiry.com/countries/luxembourg/poverty