Photo: Seebeer Edited by Nicholasjf21 · Public domain · via Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale
Topic 09 of 18 · Country Index 2026
China: Democracy & Civil Liberties
Do people choose their rulers, and can they speak freely?
China is placed 178th of 198 countries on democracy & civil liberties in the Country Index 2026, from 3 of its 4 key statistics. Readings behind it: Rule of Law -0.429 (2025); Civic Space Ratings 9.67 (2025).
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Democracy & Civil Liberties
178th
of 198 countries placed
Placed from 3 of 4 key statistics
01The evidence
The 4 key statistics that decide it
Only these place China on democracy & civil liberties — one vote each. Every value is the publisher’s own, read at the edition the Country Index 2026 used — or, for a survey-based key, each country’s latest reading; the grey ticks are every other country it was compared with, lowest on the left.
-0.429
Rule of Law estimate (−2.5 to 2.5)
Higher is better
China: -0.429. Across the 211 countries in this edition, values run from -2.199 (Venezuela) to 2.012 (Finland); the world median is -0.102.
- World median
- -0.102
- Best in Eastern Asia
- 1.542 Japan
- Land neighbours
- Afghanistan -1.851 · Bhutan 0.722 · Hong Kong 0.941 · India -0.129 · Kazakhstan -0.409 · Kyrgyzstan -0.931 · Laos -0.64 · Macau 0.855 · Myanmar -1.768 · Mongolia -0.116 · Nepal -0.306 · Pakistan -1.067 · North Korea -1.486 · Russia -1.272 · Tajikistan -1.223 · Vietnam -0.175
9.67
Civic space score (0–100)
Higher is better
China: 9.67. Across the 198 countries in this edition, values run from 2.17 (North Korea) to 100 (Kiribati); the world median is 50.46.
- World median
- 50.46
- Best in Eastern Asia
- 87.92 Taiwan
- Land neighbours
- Afghanistan 7.68 · Bhutan 50.74 · Hong Kong 15.86 · India 30 · Kazakhstan 30.48 · Kyrgyzstan 32.19 · Laos 5.42 · Myanmar 10.09 · Mongolia 59.33 · Nepal 47.55 · Pakistan 24.4 · North Korea 2.17 · Russia 12.91 · Tajikistan 9.95 · Vietnam 13.1
Key 3 of 4
V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index
V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg
2025 edition · data for 2025 · CC BY-SA 4.0
0.072
Electoral democracy index (0–1)
Higher is better
China: 0.072. Across the 176 countries in this edition, values run from 0.016 (Saudi Arabia) to 0.913 (Denmark); the world median is 0.497.
- World median
- 0.497
- Best in Eastern Asia
- 0.819 Japan and South Korea
- Land neighbours
- Afghanistan 0.069 · Bhutan 0.566 · Hong Kong 0.151 · India 0.377 · Kazakhstan 0.259 · Kyrgyzstan 0.313 · Laos 0.135 · Myanmar 0.08 · Mongolia 0.535 · Nepal 0.656 · Pakistan 0.302 · North Korea 0.083 · Russia 0.17 · Tajikistan 0.158 · Vietnam 0.146
Key 4 of 4
Perceptions of Electoral Integrity Index
Electoral Integrity Project (EIP)
Latest reading per country, 2015–2025 · CC BY 4.0
No reading
Electoral Integrity Index (0–100; higher = greater electoral integrity)
Higher is better
EIP publishes no reading from 2015–2025 for China, so the standing rests on the other keys.
Across the 171 countries at their latest reading, values run from 12.86 (Iraq) to 88.61 (Sweden); the world median is 54.78.
- World median
- 54.78
- Best in Eastern Asia
- 70.03 Taiwan
- Land neighbours
- Afghanistan 40.47 · Bhutan 62.96 · India 51.74 · Kazakhstan 40.74 · Kyrgyzstan 47.18 · Laos 38.68 · Myanmar 60.23 · Mongolia 68.9 · Nepal 61.66 · Pakistan 47.76 · Russia 30.52 · Tajikistan 23.59 · Vietnam 39.41
02Over time
Which way China is moving
Each key’s published value, edition by edition, beside the world median. The Country Index 2026 is the first edition of the standing, so the standing itself has no history to chart yet.
Rule of Law
Rule of Law estimate (−2.5 to 2.5) · higher is better
ChinaWorld median
China rose from -0.61 in 2000 to -0.429 in 2025; the world median went from -0.175 to -0.102.
Every year’s figures
Year China World median 2025 -0.4292 -0.10240 2024 -0.5286 -0.10722 2023 -0.5251 -0.10312 2022 -0.5329 -0.12950 2021 -0.5059 -0.13640 2020 -0.4460 -0.14164 2019 -0.5021 -0.13092 2018 -0.4709 -0.13830 2017 -0.4891 -0.15682 2016 -0.5819 -0.15385 2015 -0.6205 -0.18731 2014 -0.6489 -0.20216 2013 -0.7534 -0.21236 2012 -0.6588 -0.20061 2011 -0.5796 -0.25960 2010 -0.6562 -0.21447 2009 -0.6524 -0.15524 2008 -0.6485 -0.16368 2007 -0.6776 -0.15051 2006 -0.8103 -0.11143 2005 -0.8193 -0.08498 2004 -0.7016 -0.14158 2003 -0.7420 -0.15770 2002 -0.6492 -0.13265 2000 -0.6102 -0.17518 V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index
Electoral democracy index (0–1) · higher is better
ChinaWorld median
China fell from 0.1 in 2000 to 0.072 in 2025; the world median went from 0.478 to 0.497.
Every year’s figures
Year China World median 2025 0.072 0.4975 2024 0.073 0.4970 2023 0.074 0.5070 2022 0.075 0.5130 2021 0.077 0.5290 2020 0.075 0.5305 2019 0.075 0.5280 2018 0.076 0.5290 2017 0.078 0.5395 2016 0.080 0.5360 2015 0.082 0.5360 2014 0.084 0.5295 2013 0.086 0.5205 2012 0.094 0.5180 2011 0.094 0.5215 2010 0.094 0.5250 2009 0.094 0.5170 2008 0.095 0.5120 2007 0.095 0.5220 2006 0.094 0.5420 2005 0.094 0.5200 2004 0.102 0.5270 2003 0.103 0.5290 2002 0.102 0.5060 2001 0.102 0.4940 2000 0.100 0.4780
03In context
China beside its neighbours
A position reads best beside the countries around it. Every position below is a place among all 198 countries on democracy & civil liberties, never a place within the region.
China and the countries it borders
Standing among all 198; the key columns are the publishers’ own values.
| Country | Standing | Rule of LawRule of Law estimate (−2.5 to 2.5) | Civic Space RatingsCivic space score (0–100) | V-Dem Electoral Democracy IndexElectoral democracy index (0–1) | Perceptions of Electoral Integrity IndexElectoral Integrity Index (0–100; higher = greater electoral integrity) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Bhutan | 71st | 0.722 | 50.74 | 0.566 | 62.96 |
 Mongolia | 82nd | -0.116 | 59.33 | 0.535 | 68.9 |
 Nepal | 94th | -0.306 | 47.55 | 0.656 | 61.66 |
 Indiacompare | =119th | -0.129 | 30 | 0.377 | 51.74 |
 Hong Kong | 129th | 0.941 | 15.86 | 0.151 | — |
 Kyrgyzstan | 135th | -0.931 | 32.19 | 0.313 | 47.18 |
 Kazakhstan | 138th | -0.409 | 30.48 | 0.259 | 40.74 |
 Pakistancompare | =145th | -1.067 | 24.4 | 0.302 | 47.76 |
 Vietnam | 158th | -0.175 | 13.1 | 0.146 | 39.41 |
 Myanmar | 166th | -1.768 | 10.09 | 0.08 | 60.23 |
 Laos | 176th | -0.64 | 5.42 | 0.135 | 38.68 |
| China | 178th | -0.429 | 9.67 | 0.072 | — |
 Russiacompare | 183rd | -1.272 | 12.91 | 0.17 | 30.52 |
 Tajikistan | 185th | -1.223 | 9.95 | 0.158 | 23.59 |
 Afghanistan | 190th | -1.851 | 7.68 | 0.069 | 40.47 |
 North Korea | 196th | -1.486 | 2.17 | 0.083 | — |
 Macau | not placed | 0.855 | — | — | — |
“—”: no published reading in that edition. What a standing is
Across Eastern Asia
Every country in the sub-region, by its place among all 198.
Placed either side on democracy & civil liberties
The countries immediately above and below China in the topic’s list.
04Context, no vote
Where China is ahead of the world, and behind
25 more statistics filed under democracy & civil liberties, published in full and deliberately given no vote in the standing. Select a row for the publisher, the rank and the links.
Ahead of the world median1
Statistics on which China does better than the middle country measured.
Political PolarizationV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.359-0.110.359▼ Worsened since 2015
China: -0.11 · world median 0.359 · Original latent estimate (≈ −3.8 to +3.9); higher = more polarized. V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -2.974 to 3.682; lower is better.
Position 99th of 172 · derived, 1st = worst.
Behind the world median23
Statistics on which China does worse than the middle country measured.
Military Dimension IndexV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.10.1110.1▼ Worsened since 2015
China: 0.111 · world median 0.1 · Military dimension index (0–1; higher = larger military role). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 1; lower is better.
Social Institutions and Gender IndexOECD · 2023 · world median 25.227.125.2No earlier reading
China: 27.1 · world median 25.2 · SIGI score (0 = no discrimination, 100 = absolute). OECD, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 6.7 to 67.4; lower is better.
Position 63rd of 140 · derived, 1st = worst.
Exclusion by Socio-Economic GroupV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2023 · world median 0.4130.4480.413▲ Improved since 2013
China: 0.448 · world median 0.413 · Exclusion by socio-economic group index (0–1; higher = more exclusion). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.014 to 0.969; lower is better.
Position 78th of 174 · derived, 1st = worst.
Government Internet ShutdownsV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 1.023-0.6091.023▲ Improved since 2015
China: -0.609 · world median 1.023 · Original latent estimate (≈ −4 to +2); higher = fewer shutdowns. V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -3.547 to 2.081; higher is better.
Position 132nd of 176 · derived.
Women's Political Empowerment IndexV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.7720.5870.772No real change since 2015
China: 0.587 · world median 0.772 · Women's political empowerment index (0–1). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.028 to 0.954; higher is better.
Position 134th of 176 · derived.
Equal Protection IndexV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.6510.3680.651▲ Improved since 2015
China: 0.368 · world median 0.651 · Equal protection index (0–1); higher = rights and freedoms protected more equally across social groups and classes. V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.027 to 0.986; higher is better.
Position 139th of 176 · derived.
Physical Violence IndexV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.790.3450.79▼ Worsened since 2015
China: 0.345 · world median 0.79 · Freedom from political killings and torture (0–1). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.053 to 0.989; higher is better.
Position 141st of 176 · derived.
Neopatrimonial Rule IndexV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.4450.8570.445▼ Worsened since 2015
China: 0.857 · world median 0.445 · Neopatrimonial rule index (0–1; higher = more personalised rule). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.008 to 0.989; lower is better.
Position 24th of 176 · derived, 1st = worst.
Deliberative Democracy IndexV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.3390.0640.339▼ Worsened since 2015
China: 0.064 · world median 0.339 · Deliberative democracy index (0–1). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.011 to 0.867; higher is better.
Position 156th of 176 · derived.
Government Dissemination of False Information (Domestic)V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median -0.114-2.202-0.114▲ Improved since 2015
China: -2.202 · world median -0.114 · Original latent estimate (≈ −3.6 to +3.2); higher = less disinformation. V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -3.392 to 2.93; higher is better.
Position 160th of 176 · derived.
Freedom of Peaceful AssemblyV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.756-1.8890.756▲ Improved since 2015
China: -1.889 · world median 0.756 · Original latent estimate (≈ −3.5 to +3.5); higher = more freedom. V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -3.344 to 3.486; higher is better.
Position 158th of 172 · derived.
Voice and AccountabilityWorld Bank Group · 2025 · world median -0.022-1.721-0.022▲ Improved since 2015
China: -1.721 · world median -0.022 · Voice and Accountability estimate (−2.5 to 2.5). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -2.348 to 1.825; higher is better.
Position 192nd of 206 · derived.
Judicial Constraints on the Executive IndexV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.6760.030.676▼ Worsened since 2015
China: 0.03 · world median 0.676 · Judicial constraints on the executive index (0–1). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.003 to 0.988; higher is better.
Position 165th of 175 · derived.
Academic Freedom IndexV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.6190.0710.619▼ Worsened since 2015
China: 0.071 · world median 0.619 · Academic freedom index (0–1). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.019 to 0.978; higher is better.
Position 167th of 176 · derived.
Freedom of Expression and Alternative Sources of Information IndexV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.6930.0450.693No real change since 2015
China: 0.045 · world median 0.693 · Freedom of expression index (0–1). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.013 to 0.98; higher is better.
Position 167th of 176 · derived.
Liberal Democracy IndexV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.3530.0390.353No real change since 2015
China: 0.039 · world median 0.353 · Liberal democracy index (0–1). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.009 to 0.884; higher is better.
Position 168th of 176 · derived.
Egalitarian Democracy IndexV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.3210.0780.321No real change since 2015
China: 0.078 · world median 0.321 · Egalitarian democracy index (0–1). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.016 to 0.876; higher is better.
Position 168th of 176 · derived.
Government Censorship of the MediaV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.565-2.4250.565▼ Worsened since 2015
China: -2.425 · world median 0.565 · Original latent estimate (≈ −3 to +3.5); higher = less censorship. V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -3.017 to 3.489; higher is better.
Position 169th of 176 · derived.
Freedom of Foreign MovementV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 1.2-1.4761.2▼ Worsened since 2015
China: -1.476 · world median 1.2 · Original latent estimate (≈ −3.6 to +2.9); higher = freer movement. V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -3.642 to 2.727; higher is better.
Position 170th of 176 · derived.
Freedom of ReligionV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 1.296-2.4971.296▼ Worsened since 2015
China: -2.497 · world median 1.296 · Original latent estimate (≈ −3.5 to +3); higher = more religious freedom. V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -3.294 to 2.792; higher is better.
Position 171st of 176 · derived.
Participatory Democracy IndexV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.2980.0360.298No real change since 2015
China: 0.036 · world median 0.298 · Participatory democracy index (0–1). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.008 to 0.785; higher is better.
Position 171st of 176 · derived.
Compliance with Labour RightsILO · 2024 · world median 1.619.131.61No real change since 2015
China: 9.13 · world median 1.61 · Compliance with freedom of association and collective bargaining rights (0 = best, 10 = worst). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 10; lower is better.
Government Social Media CensorshipV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.505-3.0070.505No real change since 2015
China: -3.007 · world median 0.505 · Original latent estimate (≈ −4.5 to +2.4); higher = less censorship. V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -3.721 to 2.295; higher is better.
Position 174th of 176 · derived.
No better end1
These describe the shape of a country — more is not better or worse, only different — so they are never ahead or behind.
Mass MobilizationV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.1910.1130.191Moved since 2015
China: 0.113 · world median 0.191 · Original latent estimate (≈ −3.6 to +4); higher = more and larger events. V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -3.318 to 3.847.
No current reading for China
Perceptions of Electoral Integrity Index. Listed rather than hidden, so the page can be checked against it.
“Position · derived” is this site’s ordering of the published values, 1st = best unless the row says otherwise; the publisher ranks no country on it. Rank, position and standing
05Country Index 2026
Democracy & Civil Liberties among China’s 16 topics
Democracy & Civil Liberties is China’s 16th best-placed topic of 16. Strongest first, each marker at its share of that topic’s field.
- Food & Agriculture6th of 1844/4 keys
- Mobility & Trade9th of 1774/4 keys
- Digital & Technologyjoint 23rd of 1984/4 keys
- Health & Wellbeing47th of 2003/4 keys
- Poverty & Inequality39th of 1593/3 keys
- Education & Knowledge51st of 1982/4 keys
- Economy & Innovationjoint 46th of 1764/4 keys
- Development & Human Capital62nd of 1963/3 keys
- Work & Labour60th of 1824/4 keys
- Risk & Resilience80th of 1934/4 keys
- Energyjoint 87th of 1653/3 keys
- Peace & Security102nd of 1774/4 keys
- Governance & Institutions125th of 1944/4 keys
- Gender & Equality124th of 1834/4 keys
- Environment & Sustainability157th of 1864/4 keys
- Democracy & Civil Liberties178th of 1983/4 keys
06The top of the list
Who leads on democracy & civil liberties
The three countries placed highest of 198, and the leaders China can most readily be measured against.
1
NorwayNorthern Europe
1st of 198 · 4 of 4 keys
Photo: Ximonic , Simo Räsänen · CC BY-SA 3.0, greyscale
2
DenmarkNorthern Europe
2nd of 198 · 4 of 4 keys
Photo: User:Aconcagua · CC BY-SA 3.0, greyscale
3
LiechtensteinWestern Europe
3rd of 198 · 2 of 4 keys
Photo: Guido Radig,Inkey · CC BY 3.0, greyscale
Placed highest nearby
Highest in Asia
Japan28th4/4 keysThis page
China178th3/4 keys
Positions out of 198 placed on the topic. A country needs readings on enough keys to be placed, and the top of the list is often held on fewer of them.
07Analysis
Charts and analysis about China and democracy & civil liberties
About China
China Leads Global High-Technology Exports
The world’s ten largest high-technology exporters as a treemap, with the rest of the world beside them. Each country’s figure is its own most recent year, between 2022 and 2024.
On democracy & civil liberties
WJP Rule of Law Index 2024: Which Countries Lead in Justice and Accountability?
The thirteen strongest of the 142 countries the World Justice Project measures, and the eight factors the overall score averages. Four countries are published at 0.83 and still carry separate ranks.
08Questions
China on democracy & civil liberties: questions answered
Every answer is built from the numbers on this page, so none can say something the page does not.
How does China rank on democracy & civil liberties?
China is placed 178th of 198 countries on Democracy & Civil Liberties in the Country Index 2026, from 3 of its 4 key statistics (Rule of Law, Civic Space Ratings and V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index). The position is this site’s ordering of published statistics, not a rank any publisher printed.
What is the latest Rule of Law figure for China?
-0.429 in 2025 (rule of Law estimate (−2.5 to 2.5)), according to World Bank Group. The world median in the same edition was -0.102.
What is the latest Civic Space Ratings figure for China?
9.67 in 2025 (civic space score (0–100)), according to CIVICUS. The world median in the same edition was 50.46.
How does China compare with India on democracy & civil liberties?
India is placed joint 119th of 198, and China 178th. Rule of Law: India -0.129, China -0.429; Civic Space Ratings: India 30, China 9.67; V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index: India 0.377, China 0.072.
How have China’s democracy & civil liberties figures changed?
Rule of Law rose from -0.61 in 2000 to -0.429 in 2025; V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index fell from 0.1 in 2000 to 0.072 in 2025.
Which democracy & civil liberties statistics are missing for China?
No current reading is published for China on Perceptions of Electoral Integrity Index. They are listed rather than hidden, so the evidence on the page can be checked against it.
09Method
Method, sources and how to cite
What this topic does not measure
This topic does not judge whether a government is competent or honest — that is Governance & Institutions — and it does not measure economic freedom. It also cannot capture everything about a political system in a single place in a list, which is why every key behind it links to the publisher's full edition.
How the Democracy & Civil Liberties standing is decided
A standing is this site’s ordering, named with its edition — never a publisher’s rank. 4 key statistics vote, one vote each; every country’s published value becomes a place within that key’s own field, the places are averaged, and the average is never published. A country needs 2 of the 4 keys to be placed.
The democracy & civil liberties method, step by stepHow every standing on this site is built
The key statistics and their licences
- Rule of Law — World Bank Group, CC BY 4.0
- Civic Space Ratings — CIVICUS, CC BY-SA 4.0
- V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index — V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, CC BY-SA 4.0
- Perceptions of Electoral Integrity Index — Electoral Integrity Project (EIP), CC BY 4.0
The other 25 statistics on this page come from 4 publishers, each named beside its numbers, with every edition and licence on the datasets pages.
The standing itself is part of the Country Index 2026, published under CC BY-SA 4.0.
Photographs
China’s banner and the countries placed highest, from their profiles: Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale, each used under the licence named.
- China (banner) — Seebeer Edited by Nicholasjf21, Public domain
- Norway — Ximonic , Simo Räsänen, CC BY-SA 3.0
- Denmark — User:Aconcagua, CC BY-SA 3.0
- Liechtenstein — Guido Radig,Inkey, CC BY 3.0
Cite this page
Nations Inquiry (2026). China: Democracy & Civil Liberties — standing and statistics, Country Index 2026. https://nationsinquiry.com/countries/china/democracy