Photo: Martin St-Amant (S23678) · CC BY 3.0 · via Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale
Topic 14 of 18 · Country Index 2026
Peru: Poverty & Inequality
How is a country’s income shared, and how many live below a line?
Peru is placed 109th of 159 countries on poverty & inequality in the Country Index 2026, from 3 of its 3 key statistics. Readings behind it: Gini Index 40.66 (2023); Poverty Gap at $3.00 a Day 1.74 (2023).
Share
Poverty & Inequality
109th
of 159 countries placed
Placed from 3 of 3 key statistics
01The evidence
The 3 key statistics that decide it
Only these place Peru on poverty & inequality — one vote each. Every value is the publisher’s own, read at the edition the Country Index 2026 used — or, for a survey-based key, each country’s latest reading; the grey ticks are every other country it was compared with, lowest on the left.
Key 1 of 3
Gini Index
World Bank Group
Latest reading per country, 2013–2023 · Peru’s is from 2023 · CC BY 4.0
40.66
Gini index (0 = perfect equality, 100 = perfect inequality)
Lower is better
Peru: 40.66. Across the 159 countries at their latest reading, values run from 23 (India) to 59.07 (Namibia); the world median is 33.72.
- World median
- 33.72
- Best in South America
- 39.18 Suriname
- Land neighbours
- Bolivia 42.05 · Brazil 51.49 · Chile 43.24 · Colombia 54.58 · Ecuador 44.58
Key 2 of 3
Poverty Gap at $3.00 a Day
World Bank Group
Latest reading per country, 2013–2023 · Peru’s is from 2023 · CC BY 4.0
1.74
Poverty gap at $3.00 a day, 2021 PPP (%)
Lower is better
Peru: 1.74. Across the 159 countries at their latest reading, values run from 0 (Czechia) to 48.69 (DR Congo); the world median is 0.345.
- World median
- 0.345
- Best in South America
- 0.06 Uruguay
- Land neighbours
- Bolivia 0.76 · Brazil 1.34 · Chile 0.38 · Colombia 3.43 · Ecuador 1.47
Key 3 of 3
Share of Population Unable to Afford a Healthy Diet
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
2025 edition · data for 2025 · CC BY 4.0
34.8
Share of the population unable to afford a healthy diet (%)
Lower is better
Peru: 34.8. Across the 145 countries in this edition, values run from 0.6 (Belarus) to 93.9 (South Sudan); the world median is 26.4.
- World median
- 26.4
- Best in South America
- 9.3 Guyana
- Land neighbours
- Bolivia 10.5 · Brazil 21.1 · Chile 36.8 · Colombia 35.9 · Ecuador 25.7
02Over time
Which way Peru is moving
Each key’s published value, edition by edition, beside the world median. The Country Index 2026 is the first edition of the standing, so the standing itself has no history to chart yet.
Gini Index
Gini index (0 = perfect equality, 100 = perfect inequality) · lower is better
PeruWorld median
Peru fell from 53.56 in 2002 to 40.66 in 2023; the world median went from 37.14 to 33.72.
Every year’s figures
Year Peru World median 2023 40.7 33.72 2022 40.4 33.91 2021 40.1 34.04 2020 43.7 34.18 2019 41.5 33.51 2018 42.4 35.25 2017 43.3 34.86 2016 43.6 34.47 2015 43.4 35.52 2014 43.1 34.79 2013 43.9 36.16 2012 44.4 35.40 2011 44.7 33.96 2010 45.5 33.71 2009 47.0 34.91 2008 47.5 34.60 2007 50.0 34.26 2006 50.3 35.63 2005 50.5 36.28 2004 49.9 34.29 2003 53.1 35.46 2002 53.6 37.14 Poverty Gap at $3.00 a Day
Poverty gap at $3.00 a day, 2021 PPP (%) · lower is better
PeruWorld median
Peru fell from 9.81 in 2002 to 1.74 in 2023; the world median went from 3.01 to 0.345.
Every year’s figures
Year Peru World median 2023 1.74 0.345 2022 1.41 0.420 2021 1.41 0.335 2020 3.14 0.280 2019 1.51 0.380 2018 1.79 0.460 2017 2.25 0.300 2016 2.30 0.440 2015 2.42 0.500 2014 2.45 0.635 2013 2.76 0.515 2012 3.11 0.640 2011 3.32 0.430 2010 3.58 0.530 2009 4.62 0.600 2008 5.70 0.350 2007 7.10 0.360 2006 8.56 0.465 2005 9.89 1.250 2004 8.75 0.790 2003 7.81 1.650 2002 9.81 3.010 Share of Population Unable to Afford a Healthy Diet
Share of the population unable to afford a healthy diet (%) · lower is better
PeruWorld median
Peru fell from 36 in 2017 to 34.8 in 2025; the world median went from 32.4 to 26.4.
Every year’s figures
Year Peru World median 2025 34.8 26.40 2024 35.8 27.10 2023 38.3 27.15 2022 36.7 27.90 2021 37.3 29.65 2020 45.9 31.80 2019 31.3 29.05 2018 33.3 29.85 2017 36.0 32.40
03In context
Peru beside its neighbours
A position reads best beside the countries around it. Every position below is a place among all 159 countries on poverty & inequality, never a place within the region.
Peru and the countries it borders
Standing among all 159; the key columns are the publishers’ own values.
| Country | Standing | Gini IndexGini index (0 = perfect equality, 100 = perfect inequality) | Poverty Gap at $3.00 a DayPoverty gap at $3.00 a day, 2021 PPP (%) | Share of Population Unable to Afford a Healthy DietShare of the population unable to afford a healthy diet (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Bolivia | 92nd | 42.05 | 0.76 | 10.5 |
 Chile | 101st | 43.24 | 0.38 | 36.8 |
| Peru | 109th | 40.66 | 1.74 | 34.8 |
 Ecuador | 111th | 44.58 | 1.47 | 25.7 |
 Brazil | 113th | 51.49 | 1.34 | 21.1 |
 Colombia | 132nd | 54.58 | 3.43 | 35.9 |
“—”: no published reading in that edition. What a standing is
Across South America
Every country in the sub-region, by its place among all 159.
Placed either side on poverty & inequality
The countries immediately above and below Peru in the topic’s list.
04Context, no vote
Where Peru is ahead of the world, and behind
30 more statistics filed under poverty & inequality, published in full and deliberately given no vote in the standing. Select a row for the publisher, the rank and the links.
Ahead of the world median3
Statistics on which Peru does better than the middle country measured.
Severe Child Food Poverty, Children Aged 6–23 MonthsUNICEF · 2024 · world median 21.262.25521.26No earlier reading
Peru: 2.255 · world median 21.26 · Children aged 6-23 months fed from at most 2 of 8 food groups (%). UNICEF, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 1.169 to 63.08; lower is better.
Position 111th of 113 · derived, 1st = worst.
Global Multidimensional Poverty IndexOPHI · 2025 · world median 0.0390.0220.039▲ Improved since 2018
Peru: 0.022 · world median 0.039 · MPI (0–1). Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 0.517; lower is better.
Position 67th of 109 · derived, 1st = worst.
Inequality-adjusted Human Development IndexUNDP Human Development Report Office · 2023 · world median 0.6090.6330.609▲ Improved since 2013
Peru: 0.633 · world median 0.609 · IHDI (0–1). UNDP Human Development Report Office, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.226 to 0.923; higher is better.
Position 79th of 169 · derived.
Behind the world median23
Statistics on which Peru does worse than the middle country measured.
Working Poverty RateILO · 2025 · world median 4.8856.2874.885▼ Worsened since 2015
Peru: 6.287 · world median 4.885 · Employed people living in extreme poverty (%). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.007 to 86.02; lower is better.
Coefficient of Human InequalityUNDP Human Development Report Office · 2023 · world median 17.0519.8517.05▲ Improved since 2013
Peru: 19.85 · world median 17.05 · Coefficient of Human Inequality (%). UNDP Human Development Report Office, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 4.865 to 43.08; lower is better.
Position 74th of 169 · derived, 1st = worst.
Actual Individual Consumption per Capita (PPP)World Bank Group · 2021 · world median 12,80010,03012,800▲ Improved since 2017
Peru: 10,030 · world median 12,800 · Actual individual consumption per capita (PPP, current international $). World Bank Group, 2021 edition, data for 2021.
Published values in that edition run from 688.7 to 52,654; higher is better.
Position 99th of 173 · derived.
Multidimensional Poverty MeasureWorld Bank Group · 2025 · world median 4.2526.9134.252No earlier reading
Peru: 6.913 · world median 4.252 · Multidimensional poverty headcount ratio (%). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 87.96; lower is better.
Position 67th of 157 · derived, 1st = worst.
Poverty Headcount at $3.00 a Day, Line-up EstimatesWorld Bank Group · 2024 · world median 2.15.142.1▼ Worsened since 2014
Peru: 5.14 · world median 2.1 · Population below $3.00 a day, 2021 PPP, World Bank line-up estimate (%). World Bank Group, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 89.54; lower is better.
Exclusion by Socio-Economic GroupV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2023 · world median 0.4130.5430.413▼ Worsened since 2013
Peru: 0.543 · world median 0.413 · Exclusion by socio-economic group index (0–1; higher = more exclusion). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.014 to 0.969; lower is better.
Position 62nd of 174 · derived, 1st = worst.
Income Growth of the Poorest 40%World Bank Group · 2024 · world median 1.8411.021.841▼ Worsened since 2014
Peru: 1.02 · world median 1.841 · Annualized growth in real income or consumption per person of the bottom 40% (%). World Bank Group, 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from -4.185 to 14.51; higher is better.
Prevalence of Moderate or Severe Food InsecurityFAO · 2024 · world median 20.933.620.9▼ Worsened since 2015
Peru: 33.6 · world median 20.9 · Population in moderate or severe food insecurity (%). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 1 to 88.8; lower is better.
Position 44th of 135 · derived, 1st = worst.
Intergenerational Persistence in EducationWorld Bank Group · 2017 · world median 0.4460.5080.446No earlier reading
Peru: 0.508 · world median 0.446 · Correlation between own and parents' years of schooling, born 1980–89 (0–1). World Bank Group, 2017 edition, data for 2017.
Published values in that edition run from 0.123 to 0.66; lower is better.
Position 44th of 153 · derived, 1st = worst.
Income Share Held by Richest 10%World Bank Group · 2023 · world median 26.1830.626.18▲ Improved since 2013
Peru: 30.6 · world median 26.18 · Share of national income or consumption held by the richest tenth (%). World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 18.79 to 43.08; lower is better.
Position 17th of 60 · derived, 1st = worst.
Gini Index of Monthly EarningsILO · 2024 · world median 0.3370.3870.337▼ Worsened since 2014
Peru: 0.387 · world median 0.337 · Gini index of employees’ monthly earnings (0 = all paid the same, 1 = maximum inequality). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0.182 to 0.643; lower is better.
Position 21st of 75 · derived, 1st = worst.
Low Pay RateILO · 2024 · world median 17.8924.8517.89▼ Worsened since 2014
Peru: 24.85 · world median 17.89 · Employees paid less than two-thirds of the median hourly earnings (%). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 3.395 to 41.69; lower is better.
Position 19th of 71 · derived, 1st = worst.
Adequacy of Social Protection and Labour BenefitsWorld Bank Group · 2023 · world median 18.658.97318.65No earlier reading
Peru: 8.973 · world median 18.65 · Benefits received as a share of beneficiaries' total income or consumption (%). World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.455 to 90.86; higher is better.
Median Daily Income or Consumption per PersonWorld Bank Group · 2023 · world median 22.7610.2522.76▼ Worsened since 2013
Peru: 10.25 · world median 22.76 · Median income or consumption per person, 2021 PPP dollars a day. World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 2.803 to 89.49; higher is better.
Position 47th of 60 · derived.
Palma RatioWorld Bank Group · 2023 · world median 1.3321.921.332▲ Improved since 2013
Peru: 1.92 · world median 1.332 · Palma ratio (income share of the richest 10% ÷ share of the poorest 40%). World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.771 to 4.193; lower is better.
Position 14th of 60 · derived, 1st = worst.
Poverty Headcount Ratio at $8.30 a DayWorld Bank Group · 2023 · world median 7.8238.287.82No real change since 2013
Peru: 38.28 · world median 7.82 · Population below $8.30 a day, 2021 PPP (%). World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.07 to 93.58; lower is better.
Position 14th of 59 · derived, 1st = worst.
Prosperity GapWorld Bank Group · 2023 · world median 1.7543.8121.754No real change since 2013
Peru: 3.812 · world median 1.754 · Average factor incomes must rise by to reach $28 a day. World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.406 to 12.06; lower is better.
Position 13th of 60 · derived, 1st = worst.
Income Share Held by Lowest 20%World Bank Group · 2023 · world median 7.125.57.12▲ Improved since 2013
Peru: 5.5 · world median 7.12 · Share of national income held by the poorest fifth (%). World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 3.24 to 11.07; higher is better.
Position 49th of 60 · derived.
Poverty Headcount Ratio at $4.20 a DayWorld Bank Group · 2023 · world median 1.3411.71.34No real change since 2013
Peru: 11.7 · world median 1.34 · Population below $4.20 a day, 2021 PPP (%). World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.02 to 72.3; lower is better.
Position 12th of 59 · derived, 1st = worst.
Gini Index of Disposable Income (SWIID)Frederick Solt, University of Iowa · 2023 · world median 334233▼ Worsened since 2013
Peru: 42 · world median 33 · Gini index of disposable household income (0–100), SWIID estimate. Frederick Solt, University of Iowa, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 22.3 to 51.2; lower is better.
Position 14th of 79 · derived, 1st = worst.
Societal Poverty RateWorld Bank Group · 2023 · world median 17.225.9217.2▲ Improved since 2013
Peru: 25.92 · world median 17.2 · Population below the societal poverty line, 2021 PPP (%). World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 7 to 54.36; lower is better.
Position 10th of 60 · derived, 1st = worst.
Poverty Headcount Ratio at $3.00 a DayWorld Bank Group · 2023 · world median 0.935.880.93▼ Worsened since 2013
Peru: 5.88 · world median 0.93 · Population below $3.00 a day, 2021 PPP (%). World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 54.36; lower is better.
Position 8th of 58 · derived, 1st = worst.
Poverty Severity (Squared Poverty Gap) at $3.00 a DayWorld Bank Group · 2023 · world median 0.1850.810.185▼ Worsened since 2013
Peru: 0.81 · world median 0.185 · Squared poverty gap at $3.00 a day, 2021 PPP (0–100). World Bank Group, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 9.74; lower is better.
Level with the median, or no median to compare1
Coefficient of Variation of Habitual Caloric ConsumptionFAO · 2024 · world median 0.250.250.25▼ Worsened since 2014
Peru: 0.25 · world median 0.25 · Coefficient of variation of habitual calorie consumption across the population (standard deviation ÷ mean). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0.17 to 0.4; lower is better.
No better end3
These describe the shape of a country — more is not better or worse, only different — so they are never ahead or behind.
Poverty Headcount at National Poverty LinesWorld Bank Group · 2025 · world median 21.827.621.8No earlier reading
Peru: 27.6 · world median 21.8 · Population below the national poverty line (%). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 82.3.
Catastrophic Out-of-Pocket Health SpendingWorld Bank Group · 2019 · world median 6.888.2866.88No earlier reading
Peru: 8.286 · world median 6.88 · Population in households spending more than 10% of their budget on health out of pocket (%). World Bank Group, 2019 edition, data for 2019.
Published values in that edition run from 0.133 to 31.21.
Cost of a Healthy DietFAO · 2025 · world median 4.554.454.55Moved since 2017
Peru: 4.45 · world median 4.55 · Cost of the cheapest locally available healthy diet, PPP dollars per person per day. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 2.66 to 8.27.
No current reading for Peru
Wealth Parity Index, Lower Secondary Completion. Listed rather than hidden, so the page can be checked against it.
“Position · derived” is this site’s ordering of the published values, 1st = best unless the row says otherwise; the publisher ranks no country on it. Rank, position and standing
05Country Index 2026
Poverty & Inequality among Peru’s 16 topics
Poverty & Inequality is Peru’s 16th best-placed topic of 16. Strongest first, each marker at its share of that topic’s field.
- Education & Knowledgejoint 19th of 1984/4 keys
- Gender & Equality49th of 1834/4 keys
- Environment & Sustainability54th of 1864/4 keys
- Energy50th of 1653/3 keys
- Mobility & Trade60th of 1774/4 keys
- Food & Agriculture65th of 1844/4 keys
- Digital & Technology78th of 1984/4 keys
- Health & Wellbeing79th of 2004/4 keys
- Economy & Innovationjoint 80th of 1764/4 keys
- Democracy & Civil Liberties90th of 1984/4 keys
- Work & Labour87th of 1824/4 keys
- Governance & Institutionsjoint 96th of 1944/4 keys
- Development & Human Capitaljoint 106th of 1963/3 keys
- Peace & Security105th of 1774/4 keys
- Risk & Resiliencejoint 131st of 1934/4 keys
- Poverty & Inequality109th of 1593/3 keys
06The top of the list
Who leads on poverty & inequality
The three countries placed highest of 159, and the leaders Peru can most readily be measured against.
1
BelarusEastern Europe
1st of 159 · 3 of 3 keys
Photo: zedlik , cropped by Jjtkk · CC BY-SA 3.0, greyscale
2
SloveniaSouthern Europe
2nd of 159 · 3 of 3 keys
Photo: Z.K. derivative work: Jjtkk · CC BY 3.0, greyscale
=3
UkraineEastern Europe
Joint 3rd of 159 · 2 of 3 keys
Photo: uploaded by Chern038 · CC BY-SA 3.0, greyscale
Placed highest nearby
Highest in Americas
Canada28th3/3 keysHighest in South America
Uruguay78th3/3 keysThis page
Peru109th3/3 keys
Positions out of 159 placed on the topic. A country needs readings on enough keys to be placed, and the top of the list is often held on fewer of them.
07Questions
Peru on poverty & inequality: questions answered
Every answer is built from the numbers on this page, so none can say something the page does not.
How does Peru rank on poverty & inequality?
Peru is placed 109th of 159 countries on Poverty & Inequality in the Country Index 2026, from 3 of its 3 key statistics (Gini Index, Poverty Gap at $3.00 a Day and Share of Population Unable to Afford a Healthy Diet). The position is this site’s ordering of published statistics, not a rank any publisher printed.
What is the latest Gini Index figure for Peru?
40.66 in 2023 (gini index (0 = perfect equality, 100 = perfect inequality)), according to World Bank Group. The world median in the same edition was 33.72.
What is the latest Poverty Gap at $3.00 a Day figure for Peru?
1.74 in 2023 (poverty gap at $3.00 a day, 2021 PPP (%)), according to World Bank Group. The world median in the same edition was 0.345.
How does Peru compare with Brazil on poverty & inequality?
Brazil is placed 113th of 159, and Peru 109th. Gini Index: Brazil 51.49, Peru 40.66; Poverty Gap at $3.00 a Day: Brazil 1.34, Peru 1.74; Share of Population Unable to Afford a Healthy Diet: Brazil 21.1, Peru 34.8.
How have Peru’s poverty & inequality figures changed?
Gini Index fell from 53.56 in 2002 to 40.66 in 2023; Poverty Gap at $3.00 a Day fell from 9.81 in 2002 to 1.74 in 2023; Share of Population Unable to Afford a Healthy Diet fell from 36 in 2017 to 34.8 in 2025.
Which poverty & inequality statistics are missing for Peru?
No current reading is published for Peru on Wealth Parity Index, Lower Secondary Completion. They are listed rather than hidden, so the evidence on the page can be checked against it.
08Method
Method, sources and how to cite
What this topic does not measure
These figures come from household surveys, which most countries run every few years rather than every year. So the subject's standing is read from each country's most recent survey of the last decade, with the year of every reading shown, rather than from one year in which only a minority of countries were surveyed. Two readings decide it — how unequally income is shared and how deep extreme poverty runs — because the other poverty and inequality measures here largely repeat one of those two or repeat average income, which already counts under Economy and Development. Countries with no survey in the last decade have no standing here. What work pays is under Work & Labour; wealth, as opposed to income, has no global source this site is permitted to republish.
How the Poverty & Inequality standing is decided
A standing is this site’s ordering, named with its edition — never a publisher’s rank. 3 key statistics vote, one vote each; every country’s published value becomes a place within that key’s own field, the places are averaged, and the average is never published. A country needs 2 of the 3 keys to be placed.
The poverty & inequality method, step by stepHow every standing on this site is built
The key statistics and their licences
- Gini Index — World Bank Group, CC BY 4.0
- Poverty Gap at $3.00 a Day — World Bank Group, CC BY 4.0
- Share of Population Unable to Afford a Healthy Diet — Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), CC BY 4.0
The other 30 statistics on this page come from 8 publishers, each named beside its numbers, with every edition and licence on the datasets pages.
The standing itself is part of the Country Index 2026, published under CC BY-SA 4.0.
Photographs
Peru’s banner and the countries placed highest, from their profiles: Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale, each used under the licence named.
- Peru (banner) — Martin St-Amant (S23678), CC BY 3.0
- Belarus — zedlik , cropped by Jjtkk, CC BY-SA 3.0
- Slovenia — Z.K. derivative work: Jjtkk, CC BY 3.0
- Ukraine — uploaded by Chern038, CC BY-SA 3.0
Cite this page
Nations Inquiry (2026). Peru: Poverty & Inequality — standing and statistics, Country Index 2026. https://nationsinquiry.com/countries/peru/poverty