Photo: Joachim Huber derivative work: Jjtkk · CC BY-SA 2.0 · via Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale
Topic 09 of 18 · Country Index 2026
Botswana: Democracy & Civil Liberties
Do people choose their rulers, and can they speak freely?
Botswana is placed 61st of 198 countries on democracy & civil liberties in the Country Index 2026, from 4 of its 4 key statistics. Readings behind it: Rule of Law 0.281 (2025); Civic Space Ratings 72 (2025).
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Democracy & Civil Liberties
61st
of 198 countries placed
Placed from 4 of 4 key statistics
- 0.281Rule of Law, 2025Rule of Law estimate (−2.5 to 2.5)
- 72Civic Space Ratings, 2025Civic space score (0–100)
- 0.665V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index, 2025Electoral democracy index (0–1)
- 63.18Perceptions of Electoral Integrity Index, 2025Electoral Integrity Index (0–100; higher = greater electoral integrity)
01The evidence
The 4 key statistics that decide it
Only these place Botswana on democracy & civil liberties — one vote each. Every value is the publisher’s own, read at the edition the Country Index 2026 used — or, for a survey-based key, each country’s latest reading; the grey ticks are every other country it was compared with, lowest on the left.
0.281
Rule of Law estimate (−2.5 to 2.5)
Higher is better
Botswana: 0.281. Across the 211 countries in this edition, values run from -2.199 (Venezuela) to 2.012 (Finland); the world median is -0.102.
- World median
- -0.102
- Best in Southern Africa
- 0.376 Namibia
- Land neighbours
- Namibia 0.376 · South Africa 0.041 · Zimbabwe -1.218
72
Civic space score (0–100)
Higher is better
Botswana: 72. Across the 198 countries in this edition, values run from 2.17 (North Korea) to 100 (Kiribati); the world median is 50.46.
- World median
- 50.46
- Best in Southern Africa
- 80.15 Namibia
- Land neighbours
- Namibia 80.15 · South Africa 59.79 · Zimbabwe 28.48
Key 3 of 4
V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index
V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg
2025 edition · data for 2025 · CC BY-SA 4.0
0.665
Electoral democracy index (0–1)
Higher is better
Botswana: 0.665. Across the 176 countries in this edition, values run from 0.016 (Saudi Arabia) to 0.913 (Denmark); the world median is 0.497.
- World median
- 0.497
- Best in Southern Africa
- 0.743 South Africa
- Land neighbours
- Namibia 0.633 · South Africa 0.743 · Zimbabwe 0.268
Key 4 of 4
Perceptions of Electoral Integrity Index
Electoral Integrity Project (EIP)
Latest reading per country, 2015–2025 · Botswana’s is from 2024 · CC BY 4.0
63.18
Electoral Integrity Index (0–100; higher = greater electoral integrity)
Higher is better
Botswana: 63.18. Across the 171 countries at their latest reading, values run from 12.86 (Iraq) to 88.61 (Sweden); the world median is 54.78.
- World median
- 54.78
- Best in Southern Africa
- 71.87 Lesotho
- Land neighbours
- Namibia 58.77 · South Africa 67.68 · Zimbabwe 17.88
02Over time
Which way Botswana is moving
Each key’s published value, edition by edition, beside the world median. The Country Index 2026 is the first edition of the standing, so the standing itself has no history to chart yet.
Rule of Law
Rule of Law estimate (−2.5 to 2.5) · higher is better
BotswanaWorld median
Botswana fell from 0.515 in 2000 to 0.281 in 2025; the world median went from -0.175 to -0.102.
Every year’s figures
Year Botswana World median 2025 0.281 -0.10240 2024 0.290 -0.10722 2023 0.340 -0.10312 2022 0.349 -0.12950 2021 0.390 -0.13640 2020 0.361 -0.14164 2019 0.458 -0.13092 2018 0.411 -0.13830 2017 0.423 -0.15682 2016 0.417 -0.15385 2015 0.445 -0.18731 2014 0.581 -0.20216 2013 0.593 -0.21236 2012 0.689 -0.20061 2011 0.721 -0.25960 2010 0.708 -0.21447 2009 0.695 -0.15524 2008 0.742 -0.16368 2007 0.712 -0.15051 2006 0.653 -0.11143 2005 0.727 -0.08498 2004 0.641 -0.14158 2003 0.732 -0.15770 2002 0.584 -0.13265 2000 0.515 -0.17518 V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index
Electoral democracy index (0–1) · higher is better
BotswanaWorld median
Botswana fell from 0.702 in 2000 to 0.665 in 2025; the world median went from 0.478 to 0.497.
Every year’s figures
Year Botswana World median 2025 0.665 0.4975 2024 0.595 0.4970 2023 0.564 0.5070 2022 0.573 0.5130 2021 0.587 0.5290 2020 0.589 0.5305 2019 0.656 0.5280 2018 0.672 0.5290 2017 0.675 0.5395 2016 0.685 0.5360 2015 0.690 0.5360 2014 0.711 0.5295 2013 0.713 0.5205 2012 0.719 0.5180 2011 0.719 0.5215 2010 0.717 0.5250 2009 0.712 0.5170 2008 0.715 0.5120 2007 0.720 0.5220 2006 0.722 0.5420 2005 0.717 0.5200 2004 0.713 0.5270 2003 0.702 0.5290 2002 0.702 0.5060 2001 0.702 0.4940 2000 0.702 0.4780
03In context
Botswana beside its neighbours
A position reads best beside the countries around it. Every position below is a place among all 198 countries on democracy & civil liberties, never a place within the region.
Botswana and the countries it borders
Standing among all 198; the key columns are the publishers’ own values.
| Country | Standing | Rule of LawRule of Law estimate (−2.5 to 2.5) | Civic Space RatingsCivic space score (0–100) | V-Dem Electoral Democracy IndexElectoral democracy index (0–1) | Perceptions of Electoral Integrity IndexElectoral Integrity Index (0–100; higher = greater electoral integrity) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Botswana | 61st | 0.281 | 72 | 0.665 | 63.18 |
 South Africa | 65th | 0.041 | 59.79 | 0.743 | 67.68 |
 Namibia | 66th | 0.376 | 80.15 | 0.633 | 58.77 |
 Zimbabwe | 167th | -1.218 | 28.48 | 0.268 | 17.88 |
“—”: no published reading in that edition. What a standing is
Across Southern Africa
Every country in the sub-region, by its place among all 198.
Placed either side on democracy & civil liberties
The countries immediately above and below Botswana in the topic’s list.
04Context, no vote
Where Botswana is ahead of the world, and behind
25 more statistics filed under democracy & civil liberties, published in full and deliberately given no vote in the standing. Select a row for the publisher, the rank and the links.
Ahead of the world median20
Statistics on which Botswana does better than the middle country measured.
Political PolarizationV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.359-1.9010.359▲ Improved since 2015
Botswana: -1.901 · world median 0.359 · Original latent estimate (≈ −3.8 to +3.9); higher = more polarized. V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -2.974 to 3.682; lower is better.
Position 165th of 172 · derived, 1st = worst.
Government Dissemination of False Information (Domestic)V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median -0.1141.953-0.114▲ Improved since 2015
Botswana: 1.953 · world median -0.114 · Original latent estimate (≈ −3.6 to +3.2); higher = less disinformation. V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -3.392 to 2.93; higher is better.
Position 17th of 176 · derived.
Government Social Media CensorshipV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.5051.9260.505No real change since 2015
Botswana: 1.926 · world median 0.505 · Original latent estimate (≈ −4.5 to +2.4); higher = less censorship. V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -3.721 to 2.295; higher is better.
Position 18th of 176 · derived.
Freedom of Foreign MovementV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 1.22.281.2▲ Improved since 2015
Botswana: 2.28 · world median 1.2 · Original latent estimate (≈ −3.6 to +2.9); higher = freer movement. V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -3.642 to 2.727; higher is better.
Position 19th of 176 · derived.
Government Internet ShutdownsV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 1.0231.8391.023▲ Improved since 2015
Botswana: 1.839 · world median 1.023 · Original latent estimate (≈ −4 to +2); higher = fewer shutdowns. V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -3.547 to 2.081; higher is better.
Position 27th of 176 · derived.
Government Censorship of the MediaV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.5651.8250.565▲ Improved since 2015
Botswana: 1.825 · world median 0.565 · Original latent estimate (≈ −3 to +3.5); higher = less censorship. V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -3.017 to 3.489; higher is better.
Position 33rd of 176 · derived.
Academic Freedom IndexV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.6190.8340.619▲ Improved since 2015
Botswana: 0.834 · world median 0.619 · Academic freedom index (0–1). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.019 to 0.978; higher is better.
Position 43rd of 176 · derived.
Freedom of ReligionV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 1.2961.8691.296▲ Improved since 2015
Botswana: 1.869 · world median 1.296 · Original latent estimate (≈ −3.5 to +3); higher = more religious freedom. V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -3.294 to 2.792; higher is better.
Position 46th of 176 · derived.
Freedom of Peaceful AssemblyV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.7561.7530.756▲ Improved since 2015
Botswana: 1.753 · world median 0.756 · Original latent estimate (≈ −3.5 to +3.5); higher = more freedom. V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -3.344 to 3.486; higher is better.
Position 48th of 172 · derived.
Egalitarian Democracy IndexV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.3210.480.321▲ Improved since 2015
Botswana: 0.48 · world median 0.321 · Egalitarian democracy index (0–1). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.016 to 0.876; higher is better.
Position 55th of 176 · derived.
Liberal Democracy IndexV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.3530.520.353▼ Worsened since 2015
Botswana: 0.52 · world median 0.353 · Liberal democracy index (0–1). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.009 to 0.884; higher is better.
Position 59th of 176 · derived.
Neopatrimonial Rule IndexV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.4450.2990.445▼ Worsened since 2015
Botswana: 0.299 · world median 0.445 · Neopatrimonial rule index (0–1; higher = more personalised rule). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.008 to 0.989; lower is better.
Position 117th of 176 · derived, 1st = worst.
Exclusion by Socio-Economic GroupV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2023 · world median 0.4130.2620.413▼ Worsened since 2013
Botswana: 0.262 · world median 0.413 · Exclusion by socio-economic group index (0–1; higher = more exclusion). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 0.014 to 0.969; lower is better.
Position 115th of 174 · derived, 1st = worst.
Physical Violence IndexV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.790.8730.79▼ Worsened since 2015
Botswana: 0.873 · world median 0.79 · Freedom from political killings and torture (0–1). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.053 to 0.989; higher is better.
Position 63rd of 176 · derived.
Freedom of Expression and Alternative Sources of Information IndexV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.6930.7980.693▲ Improved since 2015
Botswana: 0.798 · world median 0.693 · Freedom of expression index (0–1). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.013 to 0.98; higher is better.
Position 65th of 176 · derived.
Voice and AccountabilityWorld Bank Group · 2025 · world median -0.0220.396-0.022No real change since 2015
Botswana: 0.396 · world median -0.022 · Voice and Accountability estimate (−2.5 to 2.5). World Bank Group, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -2.348 to 1.825; higher is better.
Position 78th of 206 · derived.
Participatory Democracy IndexV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.2980.3690.298▼ Worsened since 2015
Botswana: 0.369 · world median 0.298 · Participatory democracy index (0–1). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.008 to 0.785; higher is better.
Position 67th of 176 · derived.
Judicial Constraints on the Executive IndexV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.6760.7480.676▼ Worsened since 2015
Botswana: 0.748 · world median 0.676 · Judicial constraints on the executive index (0–1). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.003 to 0.988; higher is better.
Position 70th of 175 · derived.
Equal Protection IndexV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.6510.6620.651No real change since 2015
Botswana: 0.662 · world median 0.651 · Equal protection index (0–1); higher = rights and freedoms protected more equally across social groups and classes. V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.027 to 0.986; higher is better.
Position 86th of 176 · derived.
Deliberative Democracy IndexV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.3390.350.339▼ Worsened since 2015
Botswana: 0.35 · world median 0.339 · Deliberative democracy index (0–1). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.011 to 0.867; higher is better.
Position 86th of 176 · derived.
Behind the world median4
Statistics on which Botswana does worse than the middle country measured.
Women's Political Empowerment IndexV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.7720.6990.772▼ Worsened since 2015
Botswana: 0.699 · world median 0.772 · Women's political empowerment index (0–1). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0.028 to 0.954; higher is better.
Position 111th of 176 · derived.
Social Institutions and Gender IndexOECD · 2023 · world median 25.231.525.2No earlier reading
Botswana: 31.5 · world median 25.2 · SIGI score (0 = no discrimination, 100 = absolute). OECD, 2023 edition, data for 2023.
Published values in that edition run from 6.7 to 67.4; lower is better.
Position 51st of 140 · derived, 1st = worst.
Compliance with Labour RightsILO · 2024 · world median 1.612.911.61▼ Worsened since 2015
Botswana: 2.91 · world median 1.61 · Compliance with freedom of association and collective bargaining rights (0 = best, 10 = worst). International Labour Organization (ILO), 2024 edition, data for 2024.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 10; lower is better.
Military Dimension IndexV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.10.50.1▼ Worsened since 2015
Botswana: 0.5 · world median 0.1 · Military dimension index (0–1; higher = larger military role). V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from 0 to 1; lower is better.
No better end1
These describe the shape of a country — more is not better or worse, only different — so they are never ahead or behind.
Mass MobilizationV-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg · 2025 · world median 0.1910.4550.191Moved since 2015
Botswana: 0.455 · world median 0.191 · Original latent estimate (≈ −3.6 to +4); higher = more and larger events. V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, 2025 edition, data for 2025.
Published values in that edition run from -3.318 to 3.847.
“Position · derived” is this site’s ordering of the published values, 1st = best unless the row says otherwise; the publisher ranks no country on it. Rank, position and standing
05Country Index 2026
Democracy & Civil Liberties among Botswana’s 15 topics
Democracy & Civil Liberties is Botswana’s 3rd best-placed topic of 15. Strongest first, each marker at its share of that topic’s field.
- Peace & Security52nd of 1774/4 keys
- Environment & Sustainability55th of 1863/4 keys
- Democracy & Civil Liberties61st of 1984/4 keys
- Governance & Institutions65th of 1944/4 keys
- Risk & Resilience98th of 1934/4 keys
- Education & Knowledgejoint 102nd of 1983/4 keys
- Digital & Technologyjoint 109th of 1983/4 keys
- Economy & Innovation105th of 1764/4 keys
- Gender & Equality121st of 1834/4 keys
- Food & Agriculture134th of 1844/4 keys
- Development & Human Capital143rd of 1963/3 keys
- Health & Wellbeing157th of 2003/4 keys
- Work & Labour162nd of 1824/4 keys
- Poverty & Inequality147th of 1593/3 keys
- Energy158th of 1653/3 keys
No standing on Mobility & Trade: too few of those topics’ key statistics are published for this country.
06The top of the list
Who leads on democracy & civil liberties
The three countries placed highest of 198, and the leaders Botswana can most readily be measured against.
1
NorwayNorthern Europe
1st of 198 · 4 of 4 keys
Photo: Ximonic , Simo Räsänen · CC BY-SA 3.0, greyscale
2
DenmarkNorthern Europe
2nd of 198 · 4 of 4 keys
Photo: User:Aconcagua · CC BY-SA 3.0, greyscale
3
LiechtensteinWestern Europe
3rd of 198 · 2 of 4 keys
Photo: Guido Radig,Inkey · CC BY 3.0, greyscale
Placed highest nearby
Highest in Africa
Cabo Verde37th4/4 keysHighest in Southern Africa
Botswana61st4/4 keys
Positions out of 198 placed on the topic. A country needs readings on enough keys to be placed, and the top of the list is often held on fewer of them.
07Analysis
Charts and analysis about Botswana and democracy & civil liberties
08Questions
Botswana on democracy & civil liberties: questions answered
Every answer is built from the numbers on this page, so none can say something the page does not.
How does Botswana rank on democracy & civil liberties?
Botswana is placed 61st of 198 countries on Democracy & Civil Liberties in the Country Index 2026, from 4 of its 4 key statistics (Rule of Law, Civic Space Ratings, V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index and Perceptions of Electoral Integrity Index). The position is this site’s ordering of published statistics, not a rank any publisher printed.
What is the latest Rule of Law figure for Botswana?
0.281 in 2025 (rule of Law estimate (−2.5 to 2.5)), according to World Bank Group. The world median in the same edition was -0.102.
What is the latest Civic Space Ratings figure for Botswana?
72 in 2025 (civic space score (0–100)), according to CIVICUS. The world median in the same edition was 50.46.
How does Botswana compare with South Africa on democracy & civil liberties?
South Africa is placed 65th of 198, and Botswana 61st. Rule of Law: South Africa 0.041, Botswana 0.281; Civic Space Ratings: South Africa 59.79, Botswana 72; V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index: South Africa 0.743, Botswana 0.665; Perceptions of Electoral Integrity Index: South Africa 67.68, Botswana 63.18.
How have Botswana’s democracy & civil liberties figures changed?
Rule of Law fell from 0.515 in 2000 to 0.281 in 2025; V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index fell from 0.702 in 2000 to 0.665 in 2025.
09Method
Method, sources and how to cite
What this topic does not measure
This topic does not judge whether a government is competent or honest — that is Governance & Institutions — and it does not measure economic freedom. It also cannot capture everything about a political system in a single place in a list, which is why every key behind it links to the publisher's full edition.
How the Democracy & Civil Liberties standing is decided
A standing is this site’s ordering, named with its edition — never a publisher’s rank. 4 key statistics vote, one vote each; every country’s published value becomes a place within that key’s own field, the places are averaged, and the average is never published. A country needs 2 of the 4 keys to be placed.
The democracy & civil liberties method, step by stepHow every standing on this site is built
The key statistics and their licences
- Rule of Law — World Bank Group, CC BY 4.0
- Civic Space Ratings — CIVICUS, CC BY-SA 4.0
- V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index — V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, CC BY-SA 4.0
- Perceptions of Electoral Integrity Index — Electoral Integrity Project (EIP), CC BY 4.0
The other 25 statistics on this page come from 4 publishers, each named beside its numbers, with every edition and licence on the datasets pages.
The standing itself is part of the Country Index 2026, published under CC BY-SA 4.0.
Photographs
Botswana’s banner and the countries placed highest, from their profiles: Wikimedia Commons, shown in greyscale, each used under the licence named.
- Botswana (banner) — Joachim Huber derivative work: Jjtkk, CC BY-SA 2.0
- Norway — Ximonic , Simo Räsänen, CC BY-SA 3.0
- Denmark — User:Aconcagua, CC BY-SA 3.0
- Liechtenstein — Guido Radig,Inkey, CC BY 3.0
Cite this page
Nations Inquiry (2026). Botswana: Democracy & Civil Liberties — standing and statistics, Country Index 2026. https://nationsinquiry.com/countries/botswana/democracy